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1、自考英语复习资料：自考英语二作文整理（2） Lesson ten On friendship Four different-kinds of friendship： American Few American stay put for a lifetime. Americans use the word“friend ”to a wide range from someone known only a few weeks，most people ，old and young r called by first name，and friends flow in and out American
2、family with little ceremony.很 少美国人一辈子呆在一个地方的。美国人使用朋友一词时， 朋友可适用广泛只结识几个星期 的，朋友们进进出出美国家庭很少有礼节。 France In France，as in many European countries ，friends generally are of the same sex， and friendship is seen as basically a relationship between men.正如许多欧洲国家 一样，在法国，朋友通常都是性别相同之人，友谊被视为是男士间的基本关系。 For the Frenc
3、h，friendship is a one-to-one relationship that demands a keen awareness of the other persons intellect， temperament and particular interests. 法国人所认为的友情是一种一对一的关系，要求一方能敏锐地察觉另一方的才智、性情以及 特别的兴趣爱好。 The special relationship of friendship is based on what the French value moston the mind ，on having the same
4、 of outlook，on vivid awareness of some chosen area of life.友谊这一特殊关系以法国人最珍视的东西为基础思想、观点的一致以及对生活中 某一方面的具体感悟。 Germany In Germany，friendship is much more clearly a matter of feeling，from deeply sentimental attachments，not so much to polish their wits as to share their hopes and fears and dreams. Within t
5、he family ，the closest relationship over the lifetime is between brothers and sisters. Outside the family，men and women find in their closest friends of the same sex the devotion of sister，the loyalty of a brother. 在德国友谊更明确地表现为感情问题，彼此建立起深厚的感情， 其目的并不是为了增加自己 的智慧，而是为了分享彼此的愿望、忧虑与梦想。在家庭内部，一生中最亲密的关系存在于 兄弟
6、姐妹之间。在家庭以外，人们在同性间最亲密的朋友身上发现如姐妹般的奉献，如兄弟 般的忠诚。 自考英语复习资料：自考英语二作文整理（3） English English friendships， their basis is shared activity. In the midst of the activity，whatever it may be，people fall into step.英国人之间的友情建立的基础是 共同的行为。无论是何种行为，在行为的过程中人们的步调变得一致。 And a break in an English friendship comes not necessar
7、ily as a result of misjudgement ，where one friend seriously misjudges how the other will think or feel act ，so that suddenly they are out of step.此外英国人友谊的中断并不是由于见解不 同或情感不和造成的， 而是由于判断失误造成的， 一个人可能会很严重地对另一个人的思维 方式、感受或行为方式做出了错误的判断，于是彼此间突然变得不默契。 Whats the friendship？ There is the recognition that friends
8、hips r formed，in contrast with kinship， through freedom of choice. A friend is someone who choose and is chosen. Related to this is the sense each friend gives the other of being a special individual， on whatever grounds this recognition is based. And between friends there is inevitably a kind of eq
9、uality of give and take.人们一致认为，与亲属关系不同，友 谊建立在自由选择的基础上。 朋友既是选择别人又为别人所选择的人。随之而来的是在朋友 之间双方都能使对方感到自己是与众不同的，无论这种感觉的依据是什么。 此外朋友间不可 避免地要有来有往，互让互谅。 Lesson thirteen How to grow old？ 老年人应如何避免变老？ Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is too great an absorption in
10、the past. One should not live in memories， in regrets for the good old days，or in sadness about friend who are dead. One s thoughts must be directed to the future ，and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy；ones own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is e
11、asy to think to oneself that ones emotions used to be more vivid than they are，and ones mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten， and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true. 从心理角度来说，老年时期要提防两种危险。 一是沉湎于过去。人不应该生活在记忆之中，不要总为一去不复返的好时光而懊丧，不要总 为故去的朋友而悲伤。 人的思想应该转向未来， 应该转向自己还能有所作为的那些事情上
12、去。 要做到这一点并非易事；自己的过去逐渐成了精神负担。人很容易自思自量，感到自己的感 情不如以往强烈，思维不如以往敏锐。如果真是如此，就别去想它，假如你根本不去想它， 也许这就不会成真。 The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of finding strength in its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives， and if you continue to be as intereste
13、d in them as you were when they were young， you are likely to become a burden to them，unless they are unusually insensible. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them，but ones interest should be contemplative and，if possible，philanthropic，but not too emotional.另一件要 避免的事，就是依恋子女，希望从他们身上
14、的活力中获取生命的力量。孩子们长大之后，想 过自己的生活，如果你还是像他们小时候那样关注他们，你很可能会成为他们的负担，除非 他们十分麻木而感觉不到这一点。我不是说不应该关注他们， 而是说对他们的关注应该是含 蓄的，如果有可能还应是宽厚的，但感情上不要过于依赖他们。 自考英语复习资料：自考英语二作文整理（4） Don t fear to death， the best way to overcome it is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal，until bit by bit the walls of the
15、 ego recede， and your life becomes increasingly part of the universal life.不要害怕死亡，克服 怕死心理的最好办法就是使你的兴趣更加广博，更加超脱具体的个人， 直至包围自我的围墙 一点点地消失，直至你的生命逐渐溶入整个宇宙之中，成为其一部分。 变老阶段的暗喻 An individual human existence should be like a river small at first，narrowly contained within its banks，and rushing passionately past
16、 rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider，the banks recede，the waters flow more quietly， and in the end，without any visible break ，they become part of the sea，and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who ，in old age，can see his life in this way， will not suffer from the fear of death，since the thing be cares for will continue 一个人的生命历程应该是像江河一样开始是细小的，让两岸紧紧抱住，然后奔腾直泻， 流过山岩，飞越瀑布，然后河面渐渐变宽，堤岸慢慢后退，水流趋缓，最后不留一丝痕迹地 溶入大海，毫无痛苦的失去了自身的存在。垂幕之年这样看待人生的人，是不会因接近死亡 而恐惧和烦恼的，因为他喜爱的事业会继续下去
