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1、第 1 页 共 7 页高考英语非谓语动词的基本形式及基本功能名称 形式 特点 功能不定式 To do 具有名词、形容词、副词、动词的一些特征 在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语，有形式变化动名词 Doing（v+ing） 具有名词、形容词、动词的一些特征 在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语，有形式变化分 词Doing（v+ing）Done（v+ed具有形容词、副词的一些特征 在句中可做表语、定语、状语、补足语，现在分词有形式变化不定式I不定式的时态及语态一般式 to do to be done 与谓语动作同时或进行式 to be doing 表示谓语的动作发生时 ,不定式的动作正在进
2、行完成式 to have done to have been done 先于谓语动作的发生II. 不定式的否定结构:not to do/for sb not to doIII.不定式的句法功能1.主语To see is to believe.It is not easy to learn a language well.(不定式作主语时往往用 it 做形式主语)动词不定式做主语的常用句型It is +adj/n +to do sthIt is +adj +of/for sb to do sthIt takes sb sometime to do Kind, clever, wise, nice
3、 形容词既表示人物特征，Foolish, stupid, honest, 又表示说话人对不定式Right, correct, wrong, +of sb 动作的评价；形容词与Rude, cruel, careless, 介词宾语成主谓关系Lazy, selfish, horrible 如：Its kind of you to help me。=You are kind to help me。Easy, hard, difficultPossible, necessary, 形容词说明不定式行为的Important, essential, +for sb 性质,与介词宾语不具有Interesti
4、ng, unusual,. 主谓关系Interesting, natural 如: Its easy for me to learn English.=To learn English is easy for me.2.表语第 2 页 共 7 页My job is to attend the children.(不定式作表语时,如在它前出现了 do, did, does 时,不定式符号 to 可省掉,例:what you have to do this afternoon is (to) look after the sick child.)3.定语I have a lot of work t
5、o do. /She has no place to go.4.宾语I hope to go to Dalian again.I find it interesting to play the violin.(不定式作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往用 it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放到后面)5.宾补The teacher told us to clean the windows.I noticed the boy go into the shop.注: feel, listen to, hear, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, make, l
6、et ,have 等使役动词后宾语补足语时,不定式符号 to 要省略 ,但这些句子变为被动语态时,就必须带 to 符号. 例:I often hear him sing this song.He is often heard to sing this song.6.状语表示目的: I got up early to(in order to/ so as to) catch the early bus.To/In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.(so as to 不能用于句首)表示原因: We were excited to hear the ne
7、ws.I am sorry to have hurt you.表示结果: I hurried home to find Mary waiting for me.(不定式作结果状语时 ,常表示未预料之中的事,可在不定式前加 only)表示条件: To look at him, you would like him.修饰全句(独立成分) To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me.To be honest, I know nothing about it.不定式做状语的常用句型类别 句 型原因 Be happy/glad/pleased/
8、delighted/sorry.+to doShe seemed surprised to meet us.He looked happy to hear the news.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.目的In order to do So as to do Go/ come and do sthIve written it down in order not to forget.He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.If he should return, come and find me结果So as to
9、 doSuch as to doEnough to doToo to doWould you be so kind as to land me your bike?Im not such a foolish man/so foolish man as to do that.Her illness is not such as to cause anxiety.The ice is thick enough to walk on.It was too late for there to be any taxis.注:1) too + pleased/kind/ willing/ glad/eag
10、er/anxious +to do 的结构即不表示结果,也无否定含义.I shall be only too pleased to get home(=I shall be very pleased to get home,)Its too kind of you to have told me that(=You are very kind to have told me that.)使用不定式时要注意以下几点:第 3 页 共 7 页1.在作 tell, show, understand, explain, teach, advise, discuss 等词的宾语时, 前面常带疑问词(how
11、, when ,where,what , who)2.不定式在介词 but 后面时,如 but 前有 do 的各种形式,那么 but 后的 to 要省略,否则就要带to.另外在 cannot but, cant choose but, cant help but 后面的 to 也省略.We could do nothing but waitWe had nothing to do but wait.We had no choice but to wait.3.作定语的不定式是不及物动词时,不定式后须有相应的介词,但如果所修饰的名词是 time, place, way 时,不定式后的介词习惯上省
12、略 .We have to find a room to live in.Please give me a knife to cut with.He had no money and no place to live.We found a way to solve the problems.4. something is easy to do 类似句型中不定式不用被动形式.There is something to do/There is something to be done05.what, when. Where, how. who+to do 可在句中做主语 宾语 表语.动名词I.形式
13、:V+ing 一般式 doing being done 与谓语动作同时发生完成式 Having done having been done 在谓语动作之前否定结构 Not doing/ not having done II.动名词的句法功能1.主语: (表示一般或抽象的多次性动作)Smoking is a bad habit.It is no use arguing with him.2.表语(说明主语的具体内容 )Her job is building houses.3.宾语 He is fond of playing football./Would you mind my closing
14、the door?4.定语(说明被修饰词的用途)reading materials, swimming pool, waiting room5.同位语 His job, building a house, is almost done.使用动名词时要注意的几点1.下列句型常用动名词no use/ goodIt is/was not any use/good + doingof little/gooduseless2.下列动词或动词词组后用动名词allow, advise, admit, appreciate, avoid, cant help, consider, delay,dislike,
15、 deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, fancy, favour, imagine, keep, mind, miss, postphone, practise, risk, suggest,第 4 页 共 7 页be used to, cant help ,give up, go on , give ones life to ,feel like, keep on, insist on, object to, turn to, lead to, look forward to, stick to , devote to, get down to 3.既可后跟不定式,又可跟动名词做宾语的动词do 记住去做rememberdoing 记得做过to do 忘了去做forgetdoing 忘了做过to do 对尚未做的事感到遗憾regretdoing/ to have done 对做过的事感到遗憾,后悔to do 打算去做meandoing 意味着to do 努力做trydoing 试着做to do 学会learndoing 学做
