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1、英语句子成分,Office of WPS,Professor Laura Amrkhoul,2012,英语的 5 种基本句型,一、主语+谓语 二、主语+谓语+宾语 三、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 I give him a book. 四、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 I want you to go with me. 五、主语+系动词+表语 It smells good. She is a teacher.,主语+谓语+宾语,英语的 8 大句子成分,主语：subject谓语：predicate宾语：object direct object (直接宾语) indirect object (间
2、接宾语） 定语：attributive状语：adverbial 补语：object complement 表语：predicative 同位语：appositive,主语、谓语、宾语,subject predicate object,direct object (直接宾语)indirect object (间接宾语）,The pretty girl sings songs on the stage every Sunday. Mum bought my sister a present. The sun gives us light and warmth.,主语,谓语,宾语,间接宾语,直接宾语
3、,间接宾语,直接宾语,表语,predicative,定义：系动词后面的成分叫作表语。,一、状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。 He is a teacher. These desks are yellow. I am all right. We are happy now.,二、持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, stand。 He always kept silent at meeting. This matter remains a mystery. I cant stay awake any longer. The h
4、ouse stands empty for a long time.,三、表像系动词 用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。 He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.,四、感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet.,五、变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go,
5、come, run。 He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time.,六、终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”“变成”之意。 The rumor proved false. The search proved difficult. His plan turned out a success.,同位语,appositive,Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. Yesterday I met Tom, a friend
6、 of my brothers. He told me that his brother John was a world-famous doctor. We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.,定语,attributive,一、介词短语定语 The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. The boy in blue is Tom. There are two boys of 9, and three of 10.,二、形容词定语 所有的形容词，只要后面加名词，都是定语。 She is a be
7、autiful girl. You are all hard-working students.,三、名词定语 The boy needs a ball pen. The woman doctor is my mother.,四、副词定语 The boy there needs a pen. The best boy here is Tom. Read the paragraph below. We had to get off and take the bus behind.,五、不定式定语 The boy to write this letter needs a pen. There is
8、 nothing to do today. He is the best man to do the job.,六、分词定语 The smiling boy needs the pen bought by his mother. We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. They built a highway leading into the mountains. The swimming pool is over there.,七、定语从句 I like the book that / which Tom is readin
9、g. Henry is the boy who / that is reading a book. We are helping the man whose car had broken down. He is the man whom / that I saw yesterday. I used to play with him in the years when I lived in the countryside. It is the reason why he didnt go to school. I like the village where I spent my childho
10、od.,状语,adverbial,一、时间状语 She is to be married next month. 她预定在下个月结婚。 Ill meet you at 4 oclock. 我将在4点钟和你见面。 A lot of students missed my lecture yesterday. 昨天许多学生误了我的课。,二、地点状语 I first met him in Paris. 我初次见到他是在巴黎。 注： 地点状语除表位置外，还可以表“出发”“去向”“距离”等。如： Are you glad to be going back to school? 返回学校你感到高兴吗? Th
11、ey lived many miles from the town. 他们住的地方离镇子好几英里远。,三、方面状语 She is very weak in physics. 她物理很不行。 China is very rich in natural resources. 中国自然资源丰富。 This is better in every way than that. 这个在哪一方面都比那个要好。 The bridge is 2500 meters in length and 150 meters in height. 这座桥长2500米，高150米。,四、原因状语 He was surpris
12、ed at what she said. 听到她说的话，他很吃惊。 He succeeded by hard work. 他由于努力工作而成功。 He was sent to prison for robbery. 他因为抢劫而坐牢。,五、结果状语 He talked his wife into buying a car. 他说服他妻子买一辆小汽车。 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。,六、目的状语 They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 He
13、stood aside for her to pass. 他靠边站让她过去。 He cupped his ear to hear better. 他的手捂着耳朵，以便听得更清楚。,七、条件状语 Can you see without your glasses? 你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗？ United, we stand；divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。 With more money I would be able to buy it. 钱多一点的话，我就买得起。,八、让步状语 For all his money, hes a very lonely man. 他虽然
14、富有，可是非常寂寞。 Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill. 卡洛尔尽管感到不舒服仍去上了班。,九、程度状语 I dont like coffee very much. 我不太喜欢咖啡。 To a great extent, it is not fair. 在很大程度上，这是不公平的。 The system which is used in this school is very successful. 这个学校所施行的制度是非常成功的。,十、方式状语 We came on the bus. 我们坐公共汽车来的。 You must pay the
15、 bill in cash. 你必须用现金付账。 I watched the game on television. 我在电视上收看了那场比赛。,十一、伴随状语 I slept with the window open. 我开着窗睡觉。 She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着泪水说再见。 He ran up to her breathing heavily. 他气喘吁吁地跑到她跟前。,十二、比较状语 Lesson Two is not as difficult as Lesson One. Our class is bigger than y
16、ours.,十三、评注性状语 To be honest, I dont like him at all. 老实说，我根本不喜欢他。 Generally speaking, men can run faster than women. 一般说来，男人比女人跑得快一些。 Perhaps it will, perhaps it wont. 也许会，也许不会。,补语,object complement,定义：置于宾语之后补充说明宾语的叫做宾语补语。,一、不定式 Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 We believe him to be guilty. 我们认为他是有罪的。 We made him copy the sentence. He is made to copy the sentence.,二、名词 At the meeting we elected him monitor. At the meeting we ele
