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1、第六章成语英译之谚语、惯用语、歇后语的翻译,汉语谚语的翻译,谚语：对生活现象进行综合概括并在人群中广泛流传的语言。特点：比喻生动，寓意深刻，用词精炼，单句讲究韵律双句讲究对仗，问文体非常口语化。 翻译方法如下： 直译：大多数谚语采用生动形象的比喻，只要不影响译文对读者的理解，尽量采用直译以保留原文的内容、形式和精神 意译：有一部分的谚语没有很强的比喻，或者根本没有比喻，意译会比较好理解 套译：应用于英语汉语中非常相似或相近的谚语,可以增加英美读者阅读的亲切感,直译,明枪易躲，暗箭难防。 It is easy to dodge a spear in the open， but hard to g
2、uard against an arrow shot from hiding. 城门失火，殃及池鱼。 A fire on the city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat. 路遥知马力，日久见人心。 As a long road tests a horses strength, so a long task proves a persons heart. Time reveals a persons heart. 初生牛犊不怕虎。 New-born calves make little of tigers. Young people a
3、re fearless.,远亲不如近邻。 A near neighbor is better than a distant cousin. 滴水穿石 Constant dropping wears the stone. 树大招风 Tall trees catch much wind. 说得容易做得难。 Easier said than done.,意译,失之东隅，收之桑榆。 What one lose on the swings one gets back on the roundabouts. ( compare: Lose where the sun rises and gain wher
4、e the sun sets.) 塞翁失马，安知非福？ A loss may turn out to be a gain. (compare: When the old man on the frontier lost his mare, who could have guessed it was a blessing in disguise?) 天有不测风云。 Something unexpected may happen any time. (compare: There are unexpected wind and cloud in the sky.）,此地无银三百两。 A guilt
5、y person gives himself away by conspicuously protesting his innocence. (compare: No 300 taels of silver buried here.) 五十步笑百步 The pot calls the kettle black. (compare: Fifty steps laugh at one hundred steps .) 天下没有不散的宴席。 Allgood things must come to an end. (compare: There are no unseparated banquets
6、in the world.）,套译,一次被火烧，二次避火苗。 A burnt child dreads the fire. (literal: A burnt man always evades fire) 少见多怪。 Wonder is the daughter of ignorance. (literal: Seeing little is the cause of amazement.) 龙生龙，凤生凤。 Like begets like. （Literal: Dragon gives birth to dragon and phoenix to phoenix .),三思而后行 。 L
7、ook before you leap. (Literal: Think thrice and then do it.) 玩火者必自焚。 He that sows the wind will reap the whirlwind. (Literal: He who plays with fire will burn himself .) 一着被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。 Burnt child dreads the fire. 有钱能使鬼推磨。 Money makes the mare go.,1. 来者不拒 All is fish that comes to the net. 2. 不入虎穴，焉得虎
8、子。 Nothing ventured, nothing gained. 3. 说曹操，曹操就到。 Talk of the devil and he will appear. 4. 英雄所见略同。 Great minds think alike.,谚语翻译注意事项,1.不要用充满本国民族色彩的言语去套译原文，不能 让西方的地名或人名出现在汉语谚语的英语译文里 大伯笑呵呵地对我说：“我们北方人都喜欢睡炕，你也将就点吧。俗话说：入乡随俗嘛。” Uncle said to me smilingly ,“We northerners like to sleep on our kangs. Youll
9、have to put up with it. As the proverb goes, Do as the Romans do.” ( Do as the local people do.),2.谚语翻译要注意口语化 饱汉不知饿汉饥 The well-fed dont know how the starving suffer. A magnate is unconscious of the misfortune of a pauper. 3.谚语翻译要注意语言的艺术性，要注意用词的精炼，上下两句的对仗。 吃一堑，长一智。 A fall into the pit, a gain in your
10、 wit.,汉语习惯用语的翻译,惯用语是口头上常用的洗练、含蓄的语言比一般词和 词组更具定型性，比四字成语更具灵活性，比书面语更具含蓄讽刺、生动形象的比喻性。 直译：一般是比喻性特别强的惯用语；也有些惯用语只能部分直译，另一部分可译出后面的实际意思有些除了直译外需要加译 意译：绝大部分惯用语采用意译方法为好,因其可以体现原文的简洁性,也更容易为读者接受。 套译：应用于英语汉语中非常相似或相近的谚语,可以增加英美读者阅读的亲切感 直译多用于笔译，意译在口译中比例比例较大，直译则在笔译和口译中都经常使用,可以用直译的惯用语,连根拔 tear up by the roots 走后门 get in b
11、y the back door 走下坡路 go downhill 一窝蜂 like a swarm of bees 及时雨 timely rain 九牛二虎之力 the strength of nine bulls and two tigers 病急乱投医 turn to any doctor one can find when critically ill 卷铺盖 pack up and quit 饱眼福 feast ones eyes on sth. 咬耳朵 whisper in sbs ear,只能意译的惯用语,绝大部分惯用语采用意译方法为好由于惯用语具有将强的口语性和间接性不能逐字翻译
12、 门外汉 a layman /the uninitiated ( a man outside the gate ) 小广播 spreading of hearsay information /bush telegraph (a small broadcast station) 风凉话 irresponsible and sarcastic remarks (cold words)扣帽子 put a label on sb. (put a cap on sb.) 寻短见 commit suicide / take ones own life ( look for a short view) 炒冷
13、饭 dish up the same old stuff ( fry the cold rice),某些惯用语带有浓重中国文化色彩，有的含有历史典故后古代人名，有的涉及中国地名或宗教不可直译 赔了夫人又折兵 suffer a double loss instead of making a gain (give ones wife and lose ones soldiers as well ）history 跑了和尚跑不了庙 A fugitive must belong to some place that can provide clues. (The monk may run away,
14、but the temple cant run with him. ） religion 不到黄河心不死 not stop until one reaches ones goal. (not stop until one reaches the Yellow River ) Name of Chinese places,可以套译的惯用语,煞风景 be a wet blanket 拍马屁 lick sbs boots 放空炮 talk big / spout hot air 绕圈子 beat about the bush 摆架子put on airs 灌米汤 butter sb. up 露马脚
15、let the cat out of the bag 戴高帽子 lay it on thick 泼冷水 pour cold water on 唱反调 sing a different tune 挖空心思 rack ones brain 试金石 touchstone,汉语歇后语的翻译,歇后语是群众中广为流传的一种语言特殊形式，具有生动形象、诙谐幽默等特点。 直译：对于大部分在比喻上都是生动形象，后半截所做出的解释说明都同前半截的比喻完全一致的，不包含一词二义的双关语或谐音词语的歇后语一般采用直译。 意译:对于带有浓重中国民族色彩如中国古代地名、人名、典故和中国特有的风俗习惯、宗教等的歇后语只能意
16、译，尤其是双关、谐音歇后语。 套译:适用于尽管原文很形象，但由于汉英两种语言在文化和文字上的差异，不得不改变原来形象，用一种读者十分熟悉的比喻来解释的歇后语。 翻译原则：能直译尽量直译，可适当考虑套译;如不能直译一定要进行套译。,可以直译的歇后语,丈八的灯台照见人家，照不见自己。 To be like a ten-foot lampstand that sheds light on others but none on itself. 一条绳子栓着两蚂蚱谁也跑不了。 Be like two grasshoppers tied to one cord: neither can get away. 哑巴吃黄连，有苦说不出 Be like the dumb man eating the bitter herb, he has to suffer the bitterness in silence,可以套译的歇后语,肉包子打狗，一去不回头。 A dog given a bone who doesnt
