《商务英语入门第五章-外教修订版课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《商务英语入门第五章-外教修订版课件（83页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Production an,erations,Production and Operations,Lecture Outline What Is Production and Operations? Plant Location wtt 81A_ ProdUCtion ProCeSses it applies to both the service and the manufacturing sectors of the economy.,Production and Operations,What Is Production and Operations? Manufacturing Man
2、ufaCturing means making goods by hand or with machinery as opposed to extracting things from the earth (mining, fishing); services are not manufactured. Operations Operations are the functions needed to keep the company producing, literally any function or series of functions introduced to carry out
3、 a strategic plan.,Production and Operations,What Is Production and Operations? Production Process Production process involves three phases: (1) input, (2) transformation, and (3) output.,Input The ingredients,Process flaking the food,Feedbavh loop Highlights improvments that are needed,The final pr
4、oduct and packaging,Production and Operations,What Is Production and Operations? Inputs The inputs are those resources that will be needed to produce the desired goods or services.,Production and Operations,What Is Production and Operations? Transformation Transformation consists of those production
5、 activities that take the inputs and combine them in some special way to produce the output.,Production and Operations,What Is Production and Operations? output The output is the final result of the production process. The Production Process,Land Labor Capital,|nputs,Entrepreneurship,Cars,I-Jouses F
6、ood Computers,Production and Operations,What Is Production and Operations? Questions for Discussion In what way might the production process formanufacturing automobile be similar to that for making television sets? Do all prodUCtion proCeSses have the same three phases of input, transformation, and
7、 output? Explain using examples.,Production and Operations,Plant Location Most companies will choose a site based on such important factors as: Customer location Source of raw materials Labor supply Power and water Community environment,Production and Operations,Plant Location Customer Location Firm
8、s that must locate close to their customers are: those producing perishable items like bread and cake; those in industries whF COlTlpetitive advantage depends on rapid delivery; those that sell heavy or bulky products, such as bricks or automobiles.,Production and Operations,Plant Location Source of
9、 Raw Materials Steel mills place their plants near their source of raw materials. Firms in the food-canning business locate near their raw materials beCause of the perish ability factor.,Production and Operations,Plant Location Labor Supply All production operations require some manpower. Firms shou
10、ld locate their facilities at least within commuting distance of the people who will supply it. This is especially important in the case of those companies that need highly skilled people.,Production and Operations,Plant Location Power and Water,Some firms,such as aluminum, chemical, and,fertilizer
11、companiesmust IoCate in areas having sufficient power to meet their needs. Other firms require a loCation near water, such as companies that make paper.,Production and Operations,Plant Location Community Environment In plant location the company also needs to look at the services available in the co
12、mmunity. *Some cities and towns will offer low taxes. *Others offer fine educational systems and comfortable living conditions, such as clean air, clean water, and a low cost of living. *And some will provide special services to a business that will locate there, such as extending the city water and
13、 sewerage lines out to the plant for free.,Production and Operations,Plant Location Questions for Discussion When would you expect a firm to set up its plant close to its customers? Do all companies locate near their source of raw materials? Why or why not? Of the five factors listed in this section
14、, which is most important in choosing the plant location?,Production anOperations,Production Processes There are several different processes that manufacturers use to produce goods. The manufacturing process means phySiCally or chemically changes to materials.,The,process puts together components to
15、,make a product. These two processes are called synthetic systems.,Production and Operations,Production Processes Synthetic Process The synthetic process either converts raw materials into other products (manufacturing process) or combine raw materials or parts into a finished prodUCt (assembly proc
16、ess). Analytic Process An analytic process breaks down raw materials into components to extract other products.,Production and Operations,Production Processes Production processes are either continuous or intermittent. Continuous Process A continuous process (:f_T ?f0T) is one in which massive production is carried out over time. It is a flow prodUCtion method used to manufacture, produce, or proc
