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1、四级作文,第一部分 四级作文的评分标准和要求,一、考核目的 考核学生用英语进行书面表达的初步能力。 二、考核要求： 1. 时间：30分钟 2. 字数：120词以上 （120150） 3. 题型： 1）根据给出的段首句续写 2）根据中文提要作文 3）根据图表写作 4）书信写作 三、评分原则： 1. 大学英语考试的目的是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评分应以此要求为准则。 2. 大学英语考试作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Reward Scores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 3. 从内容和语言两个方面
2、对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容,而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题,是否充分表达思想,也要考虑是否用英语清楚而适切地表达思想,也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。 4. 避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分,包括满分;该给低分的给低分,包括零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。,四、评分标准： 1作文题满分为15分。 阅卷标准共人为五等：2分，5分，8分，11分及14分。 2分-条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分-基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重错误。 8
3、分-基本切题，表达思想比清楚，文字尚连贯，但语言错误较多。 11分-切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分-切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯较好，基本上无语言错误。 阅卷人员根根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为某一分数文件次（如8分）相似，即定为（8分）；若认为稍优或劣于该档次，则可加一分（9分）或减一分（7分），但不得加减半分。 字数不足应酌情扣分：,注：1、如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得记入所写字数。 2、 只写一段者：04分，只写两段者：09分（指规定三段的作文） 3、白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给零分。 2. 设作文最低
4、分，采用下列成绩计算方法： 1）作文分为0分者，总分即使高于60分，一律作不及格处理； 2）作文分大于 0 分小于 6 分者，按下 列方式计算成绩： 最后报道分 = 原计算总分 6 + 作文实得分,一、四级作文的段落基本结构：,第二部分 四级作文的结构,1.主题句 主题句表明全段是关于什么及讨论什么的段落中心句，即：明确地表示全段要展开的中心点,四级短文写作中最好是把主题句放在段首。 2.扩展句 扩展句是用来说明，解释，引申，或论证主题句所表达的中心思想的句子。 3.结尾句 结尾句是用一句话对段落的主题进行重述,评论,或总结,借以强化主题,加深读者的印象. It is not difficul
5、t to make a right choice between buying a house in the low-rise area and buying one in the high-rise area (主题句).If we want to economize and get more personal area, we can choose the low-rise; but if we want to live more comfortably, we will choose the high-rise (扩展句). In a word, the key lies in the
6、alternative of economy and comfort (结尾句).,二、全文(议论文)基本结构：,第二部分 四级作文的结构,Key to Success In such a competitive society, everyone has a strong desire to be successful and in his life. But how to achieve success? In my opinion, there are three main keys a clear objective, strong willpower and diligence. F
7、irst, it is very important to set up a goal before you start. No one can be successful without a goal in his mind. Besides, you need a strong willpower to keep you go ahead. There always are tough stones in every road to success. Whether you can go through it depends on whether you are persistent en
8、ough. Last but not least, everyone who wants to succeed should be diligent. There is and old saying, “No pains, no gains.” Most successful people owe their success to hard working, such as Einstein. In conclusion, if we want to be successful, we have to master the three main keys mentioned above. Th
9、ere is no shortcut to success. The three keys will assure you to realize your beautiful dream.,第三部分 常见的错误和问题 注意方面： 1切题 2结构（三段式） 3落题快（主题句在每段句首，不要绕圈） 4长度（120150字，卷面第二页中间或到三分之二处，不要过多）,语言方面须注意的问题： 1题目的大写 An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident It Pays to Be Honest How to Succeed in a Job Interview
10、2句子错误 1）语态时态不正确 I read the passage carefully and several mistakes were found.( 语态不一致 ) I read the passage carefully and found several mistakes. I am very grateful if you could help me with this problem.(时态不一致) I will be very grateful if you could help me with this problem. 2）主谓不一致 He like playing fo
11、otball very much. He likes playing football very much. 3）中式英语 My English has made great progress. I have made great progress in English. Work makes me feel satisfied. Work is a source of satisfaction to me. 4)结构不完整 Although had many difficulties in studying English, I finally passed the exam. Althou
12、gh I had many difficulties in studying English, I finally passed the exam.,基本句型： 主谓：I succeed. 主谓宾：I like Caicai. 主系表：ZY is smart. 主谓双宾：Wei Xiaobao gave Ake an English dictionary. 主谓宾宾补：Tulongdao makes many people selfish.,句型,第四部分 写作中的常用句式,第四部分 写作中的常用句式,句型,第四部分 写作中的常用句式 一、开头常用语式(主题段的引入) A proverb sa
13、ys As the proverb says Some people say that Many people believe that It is generally believed that We all know that As we all know It is quite clear that Various views exist as to , but There are many arguments/opinions/views about,There is much discussion about/attention to It is well known that It
14、 is said that It has been found that It is easy to see that The pie graph shows A recent survey provides The chart/graph/table shows No one can deny that Nowadays,. At present,例1 My View on Animal Communication Many people think that animals cannot communicate with each other. In their opinion, they
15、 cannot speak or write. However, I hold that they can communicate. The following examples serve as proofs to support my view. 例2 1）中国人才流失的现状；2）对人才流失的看法；3）如何解决人才流失。 Brain Drain in China Nowadays, one of the most serious problems China is faced with is brain drain. While shortages of talent trouble ma
16、ny universities and state-owned enterprises, millions of talented people either emigrate to developed countries or work for foreign companies. At the same time, a big crowd of well-educated people who are determined to follow their footsteps take TOEFL or GRE as their passport to the West.,第四部分 写作中的常用句式 举例,练习1 Smoking It is almost known to all that smoking is bad for peoples health. Scientific researchs show that smoking can lead to heart disease,cancer and othe
