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1、,虚拟语气与倒装结构,语法专题复习,Discussion,If 条件状语从句用于虚拟语气,*,+ did(与事实相反的情况, ),+ had done(与过去事实相反),+would /could/ might +do (将来不大可能实现的愿望 ),虚拟语气几个特例,1. if only 意为：若是.那该多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好 表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态,If only I had arrived in time !,If only she didnt drive so fast.,2,as if / as though,did 与现在事
2、实相反的,had done 与过去事实相反或想象的事物,4.would rather 后面的从句用虚拟语气： I would rather you didnt come today. I would rather you didnt come tomorrow. I would rather you hadnt come yesterday.,虚拟语气几个特例,虚拟语气几个特例,2. Its (high/right) time that that 从句要用虚拟语气：过去时或should + do Its time that you left/should leave here.,Demand
3、Suggest Order Propose Request Command Insist etc,+(should ) do,表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等,主语从句中的虚拟语气,例句 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. Its important that we should take good care of the patient.,3,在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形,Witho
4、ut/But for your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. =If it hadnt been for your help. I have to leave right away , otherwise I would be late for the train. I would/could have helped you , but I was busy at that time.,虚拟语气几个特例,3. 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), 等表示含蓄的条件,这
5、时主句要用虚拟语气,5.情态动词用于虚拟语气： could /might /have done should(not) have done ought(not) to have done neednt have done,虚拟语气几个特例,5.情态动词用于对过去情况的推测： must have done（肯定句） may/might /could have done （肯定句） cant/ couldnt have done （否定句） can /could have done (疑问句）,倒 装 结 构,1、句子谓语是go，come，run 等表示位置的动词和be动 词，句中又有表示方位的副
6、词(如there，here，up， down，out，in，away等)，为了强调该副词，可将其放于句首，而将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。如:,Here comes the train to Beijing. 去北京的火车来了。 There goes the bell. 铃响了。 Down came the rain. 下雨了。,但主语是人称代词时，主语仍置于动词之前。如: Away he comes. 他来了。 Here it comes. 它来了。,2、为了强调句中的状语或表语，为了保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密，可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。如: At the front
7、of the hall sat the headmaster. Hanging on the wall are two maps of China Present at the meeting were 200 teachers and 500 students.,3、为了强调only及其所修饰的状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句)，则将它们移到句首，句中的主谓作部分倒装。如: Only then did we realize that the man was blind. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily
8、 back to work.,4、将含有否定意义的副词(never，seldom，not，little，hardly等)置于句首以示强调时，句中的主谓作部分倒装。如:,Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.一生中我很少见到如此果断的人。 In no other places can you see such a sight.,Not a single word did he say at the last meeting. 在上次会议上他一句话都没说。,Hardlywhen，No soonerthan，Scarcelywhen,
9、 not onlybut also引导两个分句时，将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装，后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。如:,Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him. No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain.,但 neither / notnor 引导两个分句时，这两个分句中的主谓均要倒装。如:,Neither do I know her address，nor does he. 我不知道她的地址，他也不知道. The patient could not eat, n
10、or could he drink. 那个病人既不能吃，也不能喝。,7、在“so+形容词或副词/such+名词that分句” 结构中， so ,such 位于句首时，句子部分倒装。,So moved was she that she could not say a word. Such rapid progress has he made that all the teachers feel proud of him.,8. as 用于让步状语时的特殊结构,Young as he is , he knows a lot about the current situation.,由于语法结构的需
11、要，还有下列句型用于倒装句:,1、“So + 助动词 + 主语” 是一种常用于对前面所说的情况作简短回答的句型。如: I was late and so was she. 我迟到了，她也迟到了。 They love making lots of friends, so do those with disabilities. 他们喜欢广交朋友，残疾人也一样。,2、“Neither / Nor + 助动词 + 主语” 是用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样看法的句型。如： She wont go. Neither / Nor will I.她不走，我也不。 I cannot swim. Neither can he (swim).我不会游泳，他也不会。,3、当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had，were或should等时，如将if省略，则要将had，were或should等移到主语前，作部分或完全倒装。,Had you come yesterday，you would have seen him. (If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.) ,
