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1、牛津译林七年级上册首字母填空专题练习知识点：首字母填空【知识梳理】1、 短文填空概述短文填空主要考察学生在语篇中综合运用英语词汇及正确拼写单词、语法的能力。这一项符合新课标所倡导的“突出语篇，强调运用，注重交际”的要求。该题型类似于完形填空，但难度高于完形填空，它考查的范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还可能涉及其它学科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来，并且单词形式合理，符合语法规范，符合短文需要。这种试题的首字母已给，所填的就必须是该字母开头的单词。这既是一种限制，又是一种提示。这减少了考生答题时猜题的几率，提高了试题的信度与效度。2、 短文填空技巧短文填空题失分率较高，其
2、原因也是较多的。有些同学或急于求成，或过于自信，或为节省时间，在未通读完全文时便匆匆答题。殊不知这样做会适得其反，达不到良好的效果。因此，了解和掌握正确的解题方法和技巧是十分必要的。整理出的技巧有以下五种：Step1：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。(1) 对主语的判断1. _ are helpful to students. (teach)2. _ is more important to me than money. (healthy)3. Some famous _ are going to g
3、ive lectures in our school in August. (art)4. _ is my favorite sport. (fish)5. _ stamps（邮票） is my hobby. (buy)Key: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. artists 4. Fishing 5. Buying分析：以上练习中，所填的词均为句子的主语。主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词(1-3); 动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或动名词(4-5)。此外，形容词前加the以及带连词的句子也可作主语。【例如】The rich are not always
4、 happy. 句中the rich 指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。 (2) 对谓语的判断John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c_ over to him. “My boy,” she a_, “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_ John. The woman b_ ringing the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she turned back to John and s_ angrily, “
5、Didnt you s_ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_ my house.”Key: came asked answered began turned said say isnt分析：语篇中的所缺词均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，而且在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或两个以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。(3) 对宾语的判断1. Look! Simon is showin
6、g his storybook to _. （her）2. Last weekend, we gave _ some postcards（明信片）. (visit)3. Thank you for your _. (help)4. Let _ show you around the house. (he)Key: 1. her 2. visitors 3. help 4. Him 分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性同和主语的词性一样，但是如果代词作宾语时就必须用其宾格。(4) 对表语的判断1. Patrick is going to be a(n) _ when h
7、e grows up. (teach) 2. Such cold weather is quite _ in December and people have to wear warm clothes. (usually)Key: 1. teacher 2. usual 分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词, 介词短语。(5) 对定语的判断1. The _ exams usually take place at the end of June. (finally)2. On a _ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sk
8、y. (clearly)3. At a _ night, the old had better stay at home. (rain) 4. The French artist said, “It is my _ time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much. (one)Key: (1) final (2) clear (3) raining (4) first分析:定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。如：stamp show / music teacher。如果是动词的适当
9、形式作定语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。 (6) 对状语的判断1. She couldnt believe that she passed the exam so _ (easy)2. Watch _, and you will find the difference（不同） between the two pictures. (careful)3. We mustnt play on the road, and we must cross the road _. (safe)Key: (1) easily (2) carefully (3) safely分析
10、：状语是说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结果，条件和伴随情况的成分。词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。(7) 对连词的判断1. Work harder, a_ youll make great progress（取得进步） in English.2. He likes this movie t_.3. They can go to the cinema, b_ you cannot go together because I have only one ticket.4. Can you te
11、ll me w_ you are from?Key: (1) and, (2) too, (3) but, (4) where分析：在英语中, 并列连词and, but, or, so , too等连接并列的词,词组和句子; 而从属连词则连接主句与从句。Step2：在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后，多做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”，有利于提高对句子成分的判断能力。熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母填空的第二步。Step3：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力。Exercise: Guess the missing word.1. _ are helpful t
12、o students.2. _ are helpful to students. They give them knowledge（知识）.3. _ are helpful to students. In class they teach them knowledge and after class they care（关心） for them like parents.4. _ are helpful to students. They keep them healthy.分析：按顺序做你会不假思索地得出答案，1-4均为Teachers，全部解完后再思考，似乎第一题答案不仅仅只有Teache
13、rs。按判断主语的结论，凡名词，只要合乎逻辑，都可作为第一题的答案，你会发现Books也可，继而得出结论：“一切有益于学生的复数名词均为正确答案，如：Exercises、Doctors、Police、Parents”。第二题受后一句knowledge的限制，答案要少一些，如：Teachers、Books，第三题限制更多，从“care for”判断主语只能是人，即: Teachers。第四题受healthy的限制，最好填Doctors / Nurses。以上练习说明解短文填空需要如下技能：1. 对所缺词的句子成分必须作出精确判断，然后填入正确的词性，即必须熟练掌握句子成分与词性的对应关系。2.
14、必须训练自己扩散性思维能力，如同猜谜，因为词义的确定依靠着对句中限制性信息的判断得出。3. 良好的语法基本功。在确定完词性与词义后，名词单复数、形容词的比较等级和动词时态的确定等等建立在良好的语法基本功之上。Step4：对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，即综合运用阶段Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l_ the school soon. The s_ in his class have given h_ a lot of p_. Among t_ are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most students m_ the cards by themselves.Photos will h_ Mr. Wu remember the happy t_ when he was with his students. Next week, t_ will have a p_ to s _ goodbye to him.分析：通读短文以后发现Mr. Wu 是一位老师。从old 可推断他不久要退休了,所以“l_” 应为谓语动词 leaving ;“s_” 是第三句的主语, 结合
