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1、第六讲 并列句和状语从句单句语法填空1(2015广东高考语法填空)One day, the cow was eating grass when it began to rain heavily.2(2014新课标全国卷语法填空)But the river wasnt changed in a few days or even a few months.3(2014辽宁高考语法填空)Unbelievable! Oh . if you dont mind, Ill stop and take a deep breath.4(2015北京高考改编)He is a shy man, but he is
2、 not afraid of anything or anyone.5(2014北京高考改编)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, so plants can spread to new places.6(2014山东高考改编)I dont really like the author, although/though I have to admit his books are very exciting. 7(2014天津高考改编)Once you start eating in a healthier way, weight
3、 control will become much easier.8(2014安徽高考改编)The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times before it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”9(2013山东高考改编)Mark needs to learn Chinese since his company is opening a branch in Beijing.10(2012四川高考改编)At school, some students are active while som
4、e are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.一、并列句(一)并列句的4种类型1表并列、递进或顺承关系：and, both . and ., neither . nor ., not only . but also .The earth is one of the suns planets, and the moon is our satellite.地球是太阳系中的一颗行星，月亮是地球的卫星。2表转折、对比关系：but, yet, whileThe problem was a little hard, yet I was a
5、ble to work it out.这道题有点难，然而我却把它做出来了。The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很暖和。3表选择关系：or, otherwise, or else, either . or ., not . but .Now you can either have a rest or you can go to the cinema.现在你可以休息，也可以去看电影。4表因果关系：so, for (表“由于”，一般不放在句首)He found it incr
6、easingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他视力开始下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。(二)并列句的2大句式1when “就在这时，突然”，常用以下句式sb. be about to do/on the point of doing sth. when .某人正要做某事，突然sb. be doing sth. when .某人正在做某事，突然sb. had done sth. when .某人刚做完某事，突然One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weeke
7、nd away when my daughter heard cries for help. 当我们周五在收拾行李要去度周末时，我的女儿突然听到了呼救声。She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业，妈妈就让她练习钢琴。2and与or/otherwise用于并列句祈使句and陈述句(and表示顺承关系)祈使句or/otherwise陈述句(or/otherwise表示转折关系)Find ways to praise y
8、our children often, and youll find they will open their hearts to you.设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们乐意向你敞开心扉。Hurry up, or/otherwise you will be late for class.快点儿，否则你们上课就迟到了。二、状语从句(一)时间状语从句1when, while和as的用法连词含义及用法例句when“当时候”，可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生When you apply for a job, you must prese
9、nt your credentials.当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证书。while“当时候”，一般只可与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.客人们就要吃完的时候，玛丽去煮咖啡了。as“一边一边”，常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生As he grew older, he became less active.随着他逐渐长大，他变得不那么活泼了。如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when,
10、 while与as可互换使用。When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend.我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。 2before与since的用法(1)before表示“在之前；还未就；还没来得及就”。常用于以下句型：It will be一段时间before . 多久之后才It wont be long before . 不久之后就It was一段时间before . 过了多久才John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his
11、new job.约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。(2)since的用法since表示“自从”，其引导的从句在句中作状语时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；从句常用一般过去时。I have returned home twice since I settled down in the States.自从我定居美国后，我回过两次家。They have been living very happily since they got married.自从结婚后他们一直生活得很幸福。since引导的从句的谓语若是持续性动词，常理解为某一状态的终止；若是终止性动词，则理解为某一动作的开始。He
12、 has written to me frequently since he was ill.自从病好以来，他经常给我来信。He has written to me frequently since he went abroad.他自出国以来，经常给我写信。since表示“自从以来”，常用于“It is/has been时间段since从句”结构。该句型表示“自从开始(不做)已经多长时间了”，一般从句的时态用一般过去时，主句中的时态用现在完成时。As is reported, it has been/is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was
13、 founded.据报道，清华大学已经建立了100多年了。3till, until和not .until .的用法(1)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？(2)not . until . 表示“直到才”，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。As far as I know, his moth
14、er wont go to bed until he returns home every evening.据我所知，他母亲每晚直到他回家才会上床睡觉。4表示“一就，刚就”的常用表达(1)表示“一就”的表达as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instantThe moment I heard the voice，I knew Father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。(2)表示“刚就”的表达no sooner . than ., hardly/scarcel
15、y . when .的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。(二)条件状语从句1条件状语从句的常见引导词if, un
