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1、第十讲 动词的时态和语态单句语法填空1(2015新课标全国卷语法填空)It was raining lightly when I arrived (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.2(2015广东高考语法填空)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was_left (leave)3(2014新课标全国卷语法填空)A boy on a bike
2、caught (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.4(2014辽宁高考语法填空)Be patient! Tai Chi is_called (call) “shadow boxing” in English. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well as strong.5(2014广东高考语法填空)We were_told (tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that
3、 week, but for the week after.6(2015北京高考改编)In the last few years, China has_made (make) great achievements in environmental protection.7(2015北京高考改编)Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right. I will_call (call) him later.8(2015安徽高考改编)It is reported that a space station will_be_built (b
4、uild) on the moon in years to come.一、时态(一)一般现在时1一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语一般由动词原形后加s或es构成。其变化规则如下：情况变化规则例词一般情况直接加sworkworkslearnlearnscomecomes playplayswantwants needneeds结尾为s，x，sh，ch或o在词尾加espasspasses discussdiscussesteachteaches washwashesfixfixes gogoes结尾为“辅音字母y”变y为i再加escarrycarriesc
5、rycriesstudystudies worryworries2.一般现在时的用法1)主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time等时间状语。Secondary school in the USA usually covers seven years, grades six to twelve.美国的中学通常是七年制，即从六年级到十二年级。2)表示主语目前的性格、特征、状态或能力等。She knows French and German besides English.除了英语，她还会法语和德语。Pl
6、anning so far ahead makes no sense so many things will have changed by next year.这么早作计划没有什么意义到明年很多事情会发生变化。3)表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象，或用在格言中。Its known that the earth goes round the sun.众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。“Life is like walking in the snow，” Granny used to say, “because every step shows.”奶奶过去经常说，“人生就像在雪中行走，因为每一步都留有足
7、迹。” 4)一般现在时代替一般将来时。(1)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态，可用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主句仍用一般将来时。Ill tell him about it as soon as he comes.他一来，我就告诉他这件事。Theyll stand by you even if you dont succeed.即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。(2)表示按规定、计划、安排、时间表等马上要发生的事，常与具体的时间状语连用。该用法常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息、安排等时刻表上，且仅限于少数表示短暂意义的动词，这类词语主要有come, go, arrive, l
8、eave, begin, start, take off, finish, stop等。The train leaves at 4：30 pm.火车在下午4：30出发。The plane takes off at 5 oclock.飞机在5点钟起飞。(二)一般过去时1一般过去时的构成(1)一般过去时由动词的过去式表示，规则动词的过去式一般由动词原形加ed构成，其变化规则如下：情况变化规则例词一般情况在动词后加edlooklookedwatchwatchedstaystayed expectexpected以e结尾的动词后加dhopehopedlikeliked以“辅音字母y”结尾的动词变y为i
9、再加edstudystudiedtrytriedcopycopied carrycarried以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加edstopstopped clapclappedplanplanned preferpreferredadmitadmittedpermitpermitted(2)不规则动词的过去式。 不规则动词的变化详见“附录六：162个动词的不规则变化表”2一般过去时的用法(1)表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other d
10、ay, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。Is Peter coming?No, he changed his mind after a phone call at the last minute.(2015重庆高考单选)彼得要来吗？不来了。他在最后时刻接了一个电话后改变了主意。(2)表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。Long time no see! Havent you graduated from college?Yes.I studied English for four years in Nanjing.好久不见！你
11、大学毕业了吗？毕业了，我在南京学了四年英语。(3)表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。I always got up late, and never had enough time for breakfast.我总是起床很晚，从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。(4)有些动作发生的时间没有具体表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚刚”发生，应使用一般过去时。I didnt know you were here.我不知道你在这里。Sorry, I forgot to bring your book.很抱歉，我忘记带你的书来了。(5)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时表示过去将来的意义。H
12、e said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。(三)一般将来时1will/shall动词原形(1)表示不含主观因素，单纯的将来，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。shall一般用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称。By the time you have finished this book, your meal will get cold.等到你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。My birthday is coming. I shall be 18 years old.我的生日就要到了。我将要
13、18岁了。(2)will还可表达说话时临时做出的决定。What time is it?I have no idea. But just a minute, I will check it for you.(2014北京高考单选)几点了？我不知道。稍等，我帮你看一下。2be going to动词原形“be going to动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。I feel I am going to make progress with her help.我觉得在她的帮助下我会进步的。Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.看那
14、些乌云。天要下雨了。3be to动词原形“be to动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.10点前你们得交上论文。(四)现在进行时1现在进行时的构成现在进行时的构成形式为：am/is/arev.ing。v.ing形式的变化规则如下：情况变化规则例词一般情况在词尾直接加ingworkworkinglooklookingstudystudying以不发音的e结尾的动词去e再加inghavehaving facefacingtaketaking writewriting以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写该辅音字母再加ingcutcuttingputputtingswimswimmingbeginbeginning以ie结尾的动词变ie为y再加inglielyingtietyingdiedying2.现在进行时的用法(1)表示说话之时或现阶段正在发生或一直进行着的动作。The professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill.秘书生病时，教授自己打他的信。(2)现在进行时还可以表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作，这类动词主要有：go, come, leave, stay, st
