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1、8考点05 代词 代词在近年高考试题中出现频率很高，每年至少测试一道题。一般常见的考点分布在：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词等，尤其是不定代词的考查更是重中之重。主要考查it和人称代词的用法。这一专题在语法填空和短文改错中重点考查在语境中运用正确的代词。 人称、物主、反身、指示和疑问代词 人称代词1. 人称代词指代的数量前后要一致。The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.2. 句中没有谓语动词，人称代词要用宾格。The town is so beautiful！I jus
2、t love it. Me too.3. 在than, as后用主格、宾格都可以。Im taller than she/her. Im as tall as she/her. 4. 在作表语时，用宾格较多。Who is knocking at the door? Its me.物主代词1. 名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词。Look at the two pencils. The red one is your pencil, the blue one is mine. (minemy pencil)2. 形容词性物主代词不与a/an, any, this, that, these, som
3、e, several, no, each, another等词连用。3. 当形容词性物主代词与all和both连用时，必须放在all和both之后。Anyway, I cant cheat himits against all my principles.反身代词1. 作宾语时，常用在介词for, of, in, between, among或动词后。You shouldnt leave the child at home by himself.含有反身代词的习惯用语有：seat oneself；behave oneself；enjoy oneself；come to oneself；devo
4、te oneself to；adapt oneself to； accustom oneself to。2. 作表语、同位语用于be, feel, seem, look等后，作表语，表示身体处于正常状态；作同位语时，主要用于加强名词的语气， 可紧跟在名词后面或位于句尾。Im not myself today. 指示代词this, that, these, those, such, so1. this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this还可以指下文将要谈到的人或物。2. that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that还可以指上文提到过的人或物。3. such指代前面
5、所叙述的人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数。4. so代替一个句子或短语所表达的内容，意为“如此，这样”。在believe, think, expect, suppose, imagine, guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点。This apple pie is too sweet, dont you think so?Such is the power of the TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.one, ones, that, those与it作替代词时的区别1. one替代上文单数可数名词，表泛
6、指，同类不同一，相当于“a/an单数名词”。The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.2. ones替代上文出现的名词复数，表泛指，同类不同一。3. that替代上文出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词，表特指，同类不同一，相当于“the单数可数名词/不可数名词”。一般不和冠词连用，其后总有修饰语。His own experience was different from that of his friends. 4. those是that的复数形式。替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，表特指，同类不同一。The bo
7、oks on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.5. it替代上文提到的“同一”事物。I love the springit is a wonderful time of the year. 疑问代词1. whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever分别是what, which, who, whom的强调形式，表示说话人的惊讶、愤慨、困惑等感情色彩。Whatever can you mean? Whoever thought up that joke?2.四个特殊短语What for.？
8、为何？What if.？要是会怎么样？What/How about.？怎么样？(表示征求意见，常接动名词)，So what？那又怎样？【典例】1.（2019新课标卷III短文改错）In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment is created for them.【答案】yourselves改为 themselves【解析】考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语，故把 yourselves改为 themselves。2.（2018新课标卷III短文改错）Some of us wer
9、e confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done homework but I was shy.【答案】myself改为my/the【解析】句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。3. Those who smoke heavily should remind _of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people. A. theirs
10、 B. them C. themselves D. oneself【答案】C【解析】句意：那些烟瘾很大的人应该提醒自己注意健康，难闻的气味以及他人的感受。remind oneself of sth.提醒自己当心某事。句子主语是those，故选择C项。4.（2017新课标卷短文改错）This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. 【答案】your my【解析】全文介绍的是“我”的故事，因此这里应该是“我”高中时期的回忆。 不定代词none, nobody/no one, noth
11、ing1. none既可指人也可指物，多与表示范围的介词of连用；与数量有关，可回答how many或how much类的问句，表示“一个也没有”。My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop. 2. nobody/no one不能与of连用，只能指人，表示“什么人也没有”，可回答who引导的疑问句。Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it. 3. nothing表示“什么也没有”，用来否定一
12、切，可回答what引导的疑问句。another, other, the other, others, the others1. another指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代词或形容词。Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is another. 2. other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义。3. the other指“两者中的另一个”，常与one连用，构成one.the other.表示“一个另一个”；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”。I have two books; one is Engl
13、ish, and the other is French.4. others单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others。In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks. either, both, neither, all, none, anyeither肯定意义 表示“两者中的一个”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数both 肯定意义表示“两者都”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数neither否定意义 表示“两者都
14、不”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数all肯定意义 作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与all所指代的人或事物保持一致none 否定意义 作主语后接复数名词时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数any肯定意义 作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，常与of连用Shed lived in London and Manchester, but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge. 注意：1. both, all与
15、not连用表示部分否定；表示全部否定应用neither, none。2. 区分 the other和the rest of：the other只能修饰可数单数名词或复数名词；the rest of既可以修饰复数名词，又可修饰不可数名词。（四）复合不定代词的特殊用法1. anything but 根本不；nothing but仅仅，只不过；something like大约，类似；anything like完全像，全然。They can get something like 3,000 a year.2. somebody有时有“重要人物”之意，nobody则指“小人物，无名之辈”。She rose from being nobody to become a superstar. She thinks shes really somebody in that car.3. something of a/an颇有几分，堪称。He is something of a book collector.4. anywhere between大约I think Mrs S
