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1、wenjian考点四十七 阅读理解之说明文英语说明文，顾名思义，就是一种以说明、解释为主要表达方式de英语文体。它是对客观事物de性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说de。它既不像故事那样重在情节de叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中de重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应de说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。高考对说明文de考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自
2、然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面de说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性de句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文de命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静de心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确de语意理解。 说明文阅读理解de特征一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及de内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who what when where how why。 1. who：问de是这篇文章de主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述de人或事物） 2. what：问de是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出de特性、功能和用途） 3. when和where：是在何时何地发生de
3、？（即何时何地所表现出de特性、功能和用途） 4. how：通过什么方式表现出来de？ 5. why：这种特性功能用途de原因是什么？ 做说明文阅读理解题de时候，一定要记住上面dewh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。AWelcome to London! Now let me tell you something about this wonderful city. London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is the biggest city in Western Europe with over 7 million peopl
4、e. It sits by the River Thames. London has a history of more than 2000 years. Because all over the world are familiar with the citys red doubledecker (双层de) buses and black taxis. People The British Empire used to rule around the world, so many people from around the world moved to London. They have
5、 brought with them their own languages and cultures. More than 300 different languages are spoken in London. CultureLondon is known for its museums. One important museum is British Museum. It is the oldest public museum in the world. There are two main art museums in London: the National Gallery and
6、 the Tate Gallery. Besides, London is also home to arts, such as theatre and music. The Globe Theatre, which was popular in the late 16th and 17th centuries, was opened for performances of William Shakespeares central London. Tourist attractionsLondon has many wonderful places to visit. For example,
7、 the well-known Clock Tower, a 320foothigh tower, was called the Big Ben. Another famous London building is Buckingham Palace. The members of royal (皇家de) family of England live there. Besides, Hyde Park is the largest open area in central London.1. Whats the population of London? A. Less than 7 mil
8、lion. B. Only 7 million. C. More than 7 million. D. Nearly 7 million.2. How many museums are there in London according to the passage? A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five3. The members of royal family of England live in _. A. the Big Ben B. Buckingham Palace C. Hyde Park D. British Museum4. Which of the
9、 following is NOT mentioned (提及) in the passage? A. The Location of London. B. The history of London. C. The interesting places in London. D. The food in London.5. From the passage, we can know that _. A. more than 300 different languages are spoken in London B. the Globe Theatre has less than 300 y
10、ears history C. the Big Ben is a 320foothigh clock D. London is the biggest city in EuropeBDifferent gestures (手势) mean different things in different countries. Sometimes a gesture that is polite in one country is not polite in another and should not be used. Different meanings of gestures can also
11、cause problems in understanding what another person is trying to say. A gesture that many people do not understand is one that uses the thumb. Most westerners will sometimes show that they like something by holding out a closed hand with the thumb lifting in the air. This is called give someone or s
12、omething the thumbs up. Often, only one thumb is used, so it should be the thumb up. The usual explanation (解释) for the origin of this gesture is not really correct. It says that in ancient Roman times, when people were pleased with the way a gladiator (角斗士) had fought, they showed their thumbs up.
13、When they were not pleased, they gave the thumbs down. When a gladiator was given the thumbs up, the emperor allowed him to live. When a gladiator was given the thumbs down, the emperor ordered him to be killed. The truth is, however, it was translated into a wrong meaning by mistake. If people want
14、ed to save the gladiator, they put out their hands and hid their thumbs in their hands. If they wanted the gladiator to die, they pointed their thumbs straight at him.1. Westerners lift their thumbs when they _. A. want someone to die B. like something C. want to go to a playground D. want someone t
15、o live2. Most people think that in ancient Rome, thumbs up meant that _. A. the emperor could die B. the people wanted the gladiator to live C. the fighting could continue D. the people were not pleased3. In fact, if people wanted a gladiator to live, they _. A. hid their thumbs B. pointed their thumbs down C. lifted their thumbs up D. pointed their thumbs at him4. From the article we know that _. A. different gestures have different meanings in different co
