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1、Grammar,主语从句,在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。,Subject Clause,1That he will come is certain. 2Whether it will please them is not easy to say. 3Why he did it remains a mystery. 4Which side will win is not clear. 5What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.,Find the subject clauses in the following sent
2、ences, and translate them.,思考：主语从句有哪些引导词，这些引导词如何选用？,6When they will start is not known yet. 7How he became a great scientist is known to us all. 8Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided. 9Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 10Where she is from is unknown.,引导主语从句的关联词:,what, who, w
3、hom, whose, which, wh+ever,that, whether,when, where, how, why,主语从句考点： 1. 引导词 2. 谓语动词单复数 3. It作形式主语,1. is certain.（我们将迟到了） 2. _ is known to all. (地球是圆的) 3. is a pity(你错过了这次机会),That the earth is round,That you missed the chance,二.whether 是否，表不确定的事情.,1.引导词,That we will be late,hurts him so much.（她离开他
4、）,一.that -只起引导作用，不充当成分，无词义，但不能省略。,That she left him,is not easy to say(他是否会来这）,Whether he will come here,( If he will come here. . ),is more practice.(我们所需要的）,what 在从句中作宾语,is under discussion.,When 在从句中作状语,What we need,When we will begin the meeting,主语从句在句首只能用whether,三.其他疑问词（who(ever), whose,which(e
5、ver), what(ever)when, where）,(我们何时开会）,做成分（主、宾、表、定）,依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓“缺什么补什么”是指句型结构与连词之间的关系。,如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what； 如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what； 如缺时间状语用when； 地点状语用where； 原因状语用why； 方式状语用how； 定语用whose； 什么都不缺用that。,Who will host the meeting hasnt been decided. What you said just now is not true. Whoever
6、 he is doesnt matter. Whose car runs faster is obvious.,主,宾,表,定,Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when， who, why, how or that.,1.(_ is needed for success) is your hard work.,3.(_ we will go tomorrow )hasnt been decided yet.,2.(_ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher.,4.(_ c
7、an join in the sport meeting) is decided by the teacher.,5.(_ it will rain or not) is not clear.,7.(_ the earth is a solid ball) is known to us all.,What,When/How,Where/whether,Who,Whether,That,6. (_ the earth is becoming warm) is a good topic for research.,Why,主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,Conclusion:,翻译练习
8、 1.(谁将去见他)_ is not decided. 2.(哪个班级会赢得这场足球赛)_ _is not clear so far. 3.(他能否买到飞机票)_ doesnt matter much. 4.(我们如何去那里)_ is a question. 5.(你刚才告诉我的)_ was really a surprise. 6.(他什么时候出国)_ is being discussed 7.(他为什么哭)_ is not clear.,Who will meet him,which class will,win the football game,Whether he can get t
9、he plane ticket,How we will go there,What you told me just now,When he will go abroad,Why he is crying,主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,Conclusion:,2.主语从句中的“主谓一致”,1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.,That they will come _certain.,2. What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.,What he wants _these books. What he wants _some wat
10、er.,is,are,is,When well have the meeting and where well have dinner not been decided yet. （我们什么时候开会和去哪里吃饭还没决定 ),have,2. _ they can solve the question is still unknown. A. If B. Which C. Whether D. What,3. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody. A. Why B. What C. That D. Who,4. _ is a fact tha
11、t English is accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It,1. _ we need more practice is quite obvious. A. What B. That C. When D. /,1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 2. _ he said at the meeting surprised everybody present 3. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held
12、 in Beijing is not known yet. 4. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,That,What,Whether,Whether,Whoever,选择恰当的连接词,.,It was not clear whether the solid shape would last or not.,形式主语,Whether the solid shape would last or not was not
13、clear.,真正主语,引导主语从句在句首只能用whether, 但有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以.,Conclusion:,if,If,注意：,3. it作形式主语,That we shall be late is certain. 1. That the earth is round is known to all. - 2. That you missed the chance is a pity. -,It is a pity that you missed the chance.,Its known to all that the earth is round.,- I
14、ts certain that we shall be late.,It is +adj/n that(strange/a pity) It is + v ed that.(said/reported.),为了避免主语冗长,句子“头重脚轻”,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.,It +vi that(happen),这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + n. +从句 It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是 It is common knowl
15、edge that 众所周知, *_(很遗憾)we lost the match. 很遗憾我们输了比赛。 *_(这是事实)he cheated in the exam.,It is a pity that,It is a fact that,2) It is + adj. +从句 Its certain that 肯定 It is possible that. 很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能 It is obvious that 很明显 It is necessary important strange natural +that *_(很可能)she will come back tomorrow. *_(很明显)this measure is effective.很明显这个措施有效。 *It is stra
