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1、高中英语新高考-英语作文：带你英语写作好句子的超实用技能阅读佳句仿写作文的四个角度我们每次看到阅读中的好句子的时候，总会发出感叹：要是我也能写出这样的句子多好。很多人都会摘抄和背诵。但很遗憾的是，很多时候这并不能解决问题。你会发现背诵的东西很难用在写作里。然而写作能力优秀的同学就会不一样，他（她）会仿照这个好句子进行写作。近年来，应该说读后仿写是一个比较受欢迎的写作训练的手段。但笔者注意到一个现象：无论是仿写的语篇框架结构还是句式都是教师事先设计好，学生要进行的不过就是翻译式填空的练习。一旦放手让学生自己去进行这样的工作，会觉得非常困难。譬如前不久我就费了很大的心血设计出这样的练习，效果不是我
2、想的那样好。我认为，主要原因是两个方面：第一、对语篇的写作修辞的赏析能力欠缺。一个句子之所以出彩，不仅仅是谓语动词或动词短语，还有可能是名词短语，甚至一个副词，一个插入语的运用；第二、对句子的表达功能识别能力欠缺。因为每个句子在语意上都表达了不同的功能，或定义，或比较，或举例等等。这种发现让我重新审视自己的读后仿写的训练思维，即如何从我替学生设计仿写练习，变成如何让学生自己去发现和训练。经过最近半个月的探索，我总结为四个角度的意识培养。前三个如果说从技上着眼，那么第四个就是从能上开花。另外我认为所有的句子都应该贴上一个话题功能标签。即，这个句子能用在什么场合下。教学程序分为三步：首先让学生挑出
3、本文你认为写的最好的句子，并说明原因。其次让学生设想应用场景，这就给每个句子附上话题功能标签，这个标签并非唯一的。最后要求学生自己造句，分为：单句造句；微型语篇（教师先把大家的句子都荟萃，并分类好）这个三步过程，中间也出现了一些小问题，学生的应用场景联想不是无话可说，就是天马行空。作为应试写作教学，我认为一定要缩小功能话题范围。我把这个范围放在两个方面：一、课标中的主题范围二、高考写作真题的话题譬如，我让学生对某高考阅读进行读后仿写设计。原文：1 El Nio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American
4、 fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or so
5、metimes the other way round.2 The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nio, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nio in 1997-98 helped Americans economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvests
6、, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.3 But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about b
7、y El Nio may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.4 The most recent powerful El Nio, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Nio come with months of warning, and so much is know
8、n about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dol
9、lar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.5 Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施）can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less li
10、kely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nio harmful effectsand the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare fo
11、r disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.一、从语法角度原句1：El Nio, a Spanish term for “the Chris
12、t child”, was named by South American fisherman who（相当于：N, a , 谓语， 定语从句）仿写：Online rating, a term for judging the popularity of products online, enjoys high popularity among the young who feel that it can reduce the amount of time wasted on shopping. 二、从词汇和词块的角度(1)动词的角度原句2：El Nioseeswarm water,collec
13、tedover several years in the western Pacific,flow backeastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.(sth see, done over several years, do.)仿写：These days sees online ratings, invented by some online companies, enjoy high popularity among the young.(2)短语句型的
14、角度原句3：Rich countriesgain morefrom powerful Nio, on balance,thanthey lose.(sb gain more fromthan he loses.)仿写：Consumers gain more from online ratings, on balance, than they lose. (3)名词词块的角度原句4：The total rise inagricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.仿写：The total r
15、ise in peoples income in China makes a big difference. 三、语法和词块的混合的角度必须强调的是，把语法结构和词块等结合进行仿写才是最有效的，虽然这看起来就是戴着脚镣跳舞，但这样才能让写作的句子更地道。原句5：Thoughheavy rainsbrought about byEl Niomay relievethe drought in California, theyare likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.（Though sth brought about bymay relieve, they are likely to cause）仿写：Though convenience caused by online ratings may relieve peoples confusion in shopping, they are likely to make people fall into producers traps. 四、从表达功能的角度1.因果关系阐述句原句6：But such Niocome withmonths of warning,and so m
