中考英语复习专题1:名词(最新编写-修订版)

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1、1 中考四轮复习第一轮 专题一:名词 一、名词 1可数名词和不可数名词的用法; 2名词所有格的构成及用法; 3近义名词的辨析。 【考点讲解】 一、名词的数 1单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾 “-s” 构成,其主要变法如下: (1)一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:bookbooks,girlgirls,boyboys, penpens,doctordoctors。 以 s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:busbuses,classclasses, boxboxes, watchwatches,brushbrushes。 (3)以 ce, se,

2、 ze,(d)ge 结尾的名词加 s,例如:orangeoranges。 (4)以辅音母加 y 结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元 音字母加 y 结尾的名词的复数形式只加 s,如:boyboys, daydays。 (5)以 o 结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:heroheroes,potatopotatoes, tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如:zoozoos, radioradios, 还有某些词也只加-s,

3、 例如 : photophotos, pianopianos。 (6) 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词, 多数变 f 为 v 再加-es, 例如 : knifeknives, leafleaves, halfhalves。 (7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:manmen,womanwomen, toothteeth,footfeet,childchildren,mousemice。 【注意】与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。 例如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。但 German 不是合成词,故复数形式为 German

4、s;man, woman 等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而 定,如:menworkers, women teachers。 有个别名词单复数一样, 例如 : Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish 等。 但当 fish 表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。 (8)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people, police 等。 (9)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。例如: ten-minutes walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。 (10)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:

5、trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses, goods,ashes,scissors。 (11)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有: 科学名词:physics, mathematics/maths 专有名词:the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词:news, falls 2不可数名词“量”的表示方法 在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法: (1)用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any 等表示多少,例如: The rich man has a lot of m

6、oney There is some milk in the bottle Is there any water in the glass? I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice (2)用 a piece of 这类定语,例如: a piece of paper, a piece of wood, a piece of bread a bottle of orange, a glass of water(milk), a cup of tea a cup of tea, a bag of rice, three bags

7、 of rice 如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如: two cups of tea, four pieces of paper, three glasses of water 可数名词也可用 a lot of, lots of, some, any, much 等来修饰。 二、名词的所有格 1. 名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是 s,例如:a students room, students rooms, fathers shoes。 2. 如其结尾不是 s 的复数形式仍加 s,如:Chi

8、ldrens Day。 3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s, 例如:a twenty minutes walk,ten miles journey,a boats length,two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。 4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用 of 结构,例如:a map of China,the end of this term,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。 5. 双重所有格,例如:a friend of my fathers。 2

9、 【注意】 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有 s,则表示“分别有”,例如:Johns and Marys rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Toms and Marys bikes(两人 各自的自行车)。 两个名词并列,只有一个s,则表示“共有”,例如 : John and Marys room(约 翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and Marys mother(即 Tom 与 Mary 是兄妹)。【实 例解析】 1.(2004 年上海徐汇区中考试题) These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman doctors B. women doc

10、tor C. women doctors D. woman doctor 2. (2004 年河北省中考试题) This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes 3. (2004 年吉林省中考试题) -Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 4. (2004

11、年佛山市中考试题) -What would you like to drink, _ or orange? -Orange, please. A. hamburger B. chip C. tea 【中考演练 1】 一. 单项填空 1.We went to Dr. Browns yesterday. He gave us _. A. some advice B. advices C. an advice D. some advices 2. What _ theyve got! No wonder they are very happy. A. a good news B. quite a g

12、ood news C. good news D. little news 3. Much _ to fight against pollution. A. have been done B. has been done C. had been done D. has done 4. What _ ! Lets go swimming. A. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day D. bad weather 5. You have made _. You should be more careful. A. a lot of mistake B. a

13、 great deal of mistakes C. a large number of mistakes D. few mistakes 6. Before we moved into the new house, we bought many_. A. furnitures B. future C. pieces of future D. pieces of furnitures 7. The bookshelf over there is _. A. Marys and Janes B. Marys and Jane C. Mary and Janes D. Mary s furnitu

14、res 8.We saw the guest off at _ yesterday. A. the Shanghais Railway Station B. the Shanghai Railway Station C. Shanghai Railway Station D. The railway Station of Shanghai 9. They had a good time at the _ Palace. A. children B. Childrens C. Children D. Childrens 10. Xiao Li was _ in my boyhood. A. my

15、 close friend B. mine a close friend C. a close friend of mine D. a close friend of me 11. These are _ famous other presses They are having a meeting in one of the _office. A. editor-in-chiefs; editors- in chief B. editors-in-chief; editors- in-chiefs C. editor-in-chiefs; editors-in-chief 3 D. editor-in-chiefs; editors-in-chiefs 12. There are five _ in our class. A. Zhangs B. Zhangs C. Zhangs D. The Zhangs 13. How far is your school? A. Twenty-five minutes walk. B. The walk of twenty-five minutes C. Twenty-five minutes walks D. Twenty

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