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1、AS 232 REVIEW,How much Fuel reserve do you need when flying IFR?,How much Fuel reserve do you need when flying IFR?,Destination plus 45 minutes If an alternate is required, then to destination, then to alternate, plus 45 minutes.,When do we need an alternate under IFR?,When do we need an alternate u
2、nder IFR?,NO IAP at destination airport -Alternate is required regardless of WX With IAP at destination: 1-2-3 Rule 1 Hour before to 1 Hour after ETA -If less than 2000 ft Ceiling OR 3 statute miles Visibility forecast,During an IFR departure with low ceilings, when do we call departure control?,Dur
3、ing an IFR departure with low ceilings, when do we call departure control?,When instructed to do so by the tower, If there is no tower, then when time permits once airborne,When should mode C be turned on while on an IFR flight?,When should mode C be turned on while on an IFR flight?,At all times, u
4、nless required by ATC,List 3 Restrictions ATC can put on your departure time?,List 3 Restrictions ATC can put on your departure time?,Release Time Hold for Release Clearance Void Time,What is always given when a CLEARANCE LIMIT is assigned?,What is always given when a CLEARANCE LIMIT is assigned?,EF
5、C Time (expect further clearance time),What is a Cruise Clearance?,What is a Cruise Clearance?,Can fly any altitude between assigned cruise and MEA Cleared for any published approach at destination,What is VFR ON Top?,What is VFR ON Top?,Allows a pilot to fly VFR at VFR altitudes while maintaining h
6、is IFR Clearance above the clouds,What is CLIMB to VFR ON Top?,What is CLIMB to VFR ON Top?,Allows a pilot to depart IFR (usually to a fix such as a VOR) and upon reaching VFR conditions, to Cancel the IFR and continue the flight VFR,What is VFR OVER the Top?,What is VFR OVER the Top?,Nothing to do
7、with IFR, just a VFR pilot flying on top of IMC conditions.,What altimeter setting should we be using if above 18,000 feet?,What altimeter setting should we be using if above 18,000 feet?,29.92 in North America for pressure altitude,List 2 types of Departure Procedures,List 2 types of Departure Proc
8、edures,ODP SID,Departure Standards,Criteria U.S. Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPs) 200 ft/nm is minimum climb gradient IF obstacles penetrate a slope of 152 ft/nm, beginning no higher than 35 feet above the departure end, a minimum ceiling and/or climb gradient may be required.,How
9、 can you tell if a triangle is a Compulsory reporting point?,How can you tell if a triangle is a Compulsory reporting point?,It is Solid,What are the only 2 things guaranteed at the MEA?,What are the only 2 things guaranteed at the MEA?,Obstruction clearance 1000 feet in non-mountainous area- 2000 f
10、eet if over mountainous terrain) Acceptable navigation signal coverage,Define MRA,Define MRA Minimum Reception Altitude,Minimum altitude that ensures navigational reception for off-airway Navaid,Define MOCA,Define MOCA Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude,Preceded by an asterisk, This altitude mee
11、ts obstacle clearance requirements and only ensures navigational signal coverage within 22 nm of the facility,What is MCA?,What is MCA? Minimum Crossing Altitude,A required altitude to change from a lower MEA to a higher MEA toward fast rising terrain or obstructions.,MAA?,MAA?,Maximum Authorized Al
12、titude guarantees you will only receive one navigational facility at a time below this altitude.,List 3 Changeover Points:,List 3 Changeover Points:,1. Changeover symbol 2. Midpoint of airway 3. Where a Course Change occurs (mileage breakpoint),List the Required Reports, Anytime IFR?,REQUIRED REPORT
13、S14CFR 91.183 & 91.187,UNFORECAST WEATHER SAFETY OF FLIGHT ALTITUDE & TIME OVER REQUESTED REPORTING POINTS FAILURE OF NAVIGATION, APPROACH, OR COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE,14CFR 91.187,MALFUNCTION REPORT WHO YOU ARE WHAT BROKE HOW IT IS AFFECTING YOUR IFR CAPABILITY WHAT HELP DO YO
14、U NEED FROM ATC?,SHOULD ALWAYS REPORT WITHOUT REQUEST (AIM 5-3-3),VACATING ASSIGNED ALTITUDE ALTITUDE CHANGES WHEN VFR-ON-TOP CHANGE IN TAS 5% OR 10 KTS (WHICHEVER IS GREATER) UNABLE TO CLIMB/DESCEND AT LEAST 500 FPM UPON REACHING/LEAVING HOLDING FIX OR CLEARANCE LIMIT MISSED APPROACH,Additional “No
15、n Radar” reports,What reports are only required in a non- radar environment?,POSITION REPORTS (91.183a) INBOUND AT FAF OR OM ETA ERROR GREATER THAN 3 MIN,POSITION REPORTAIM 5-3-2 d,IDENTIFICATION POSITION ALTITUDE TIME TYPE OF FLIGHT PLAN (FOR FSS) ETA & NAME OF NEXT FIX NAME ONLY OF FOLLOWING FIX S
16、UPPLEMENTARY INFO (REMARKS),HOLDING CLEARANCE,DIRECTION TO HOLD FROM FIX (8 CARDINAL COMPASS POINTS) HOLDING FIX COURSE (RADIAL, BEARING, AIRWAY) DIRECTION OF TURNS (IF LEFT TURNS) LEG LENGTH (IF DME OR GPS) EXPECT FURTHER CLEARANCE TIME,List the 3 hold entry types:,List the 3 hold entry types,Teardrop Parallel Direct,Direct Entry,180 sector approaching fix Fly to fix and turn in appropr
