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1、中考英语复习方案 语法部分,动词,复习要点,知识概要 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。动词在语言中是必不可少的一部分。它的语法现象也较多，但在初中范围主要有以下几方面问题。 时态：初中范围主要有一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，过去完成时，将来时与过去将来时六种时态。 语态：主动语态与被动语态。 助动词和情态动词。 非谓语动词，也就是不定式，动名词及现在分词的用法。,动词的分类,难点链接,1、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类,2.根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词、短语动词、动词短语 常见的短语动词和动词短语如下 A)动词+ 介词 agree with同意.的意见(想法)；符合l
2、isten to听get to到达fall off (从.)掉下help . with .帮助(某人)做(某事) knock at /on敲(门、窗)laugh at嘲笑learn . from .向.学习live on继续存在；靠.生look after照顾，照看look at看look for寻找look like看起来像pay for (sth.)付钱；支付point at指示；指向point to指向prefer to .宁愿(选择);更喜欢quarrel with (和某人)吵架regard . as .把.当作.；当作stop . from阻止.做.talk about说话；谈话；
3、谈论talk with与.交谈think about考虑think of认为；想起,难点链接,动词的分类,B)动词+ 副词 ask for请求；询问cut down砍倒clean up清除；收拾干净come down下来；落come along来；随同come in进来come on来吧；跟着来；赶快come out出来；出现；(花)开；发(芽)come over过来；顺便来访eat up吃光；吃完fall behind落在.后面；输给别人fall down跌倒；从.落下find out查出(真相)get back回来；取回get down下来；落下；把.取下来,get off下来；从.下来g
4、et on上(车)get up起床give up放弃go on继续go out出去go over过一遍；仔细检查grow up长大；成长hand in交上来hold on (口语)等一等； (打电话时)不挂断hurry up赶快look out留神；注意look over (仔细)检查look up向上看；抬头看pass on传递；转移到.pick up拾起；捡起put away放好；把.收起来put on穿上；戴上；put down把(某物)放下来put up挂起；举起run away流失；逃跑；逃走rush out冲出去set off出发；动身；启程send up发射；把.往上送shut
5、down把.关上sit down坐下slow down减缓；减速,动词的分类,难点链接,take off脱掉(衣服)take out取出try on试穿(衣服、鞋等)；试戴(帽子等)try out试验；尝试turn down关小；调低turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等)turn off关(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等) turn over (使)翻过来wake up醒来wear out把.穿旧；磨坏work out算出；制订出write down写下. C) be + 形容词+ 介词 be angry with生(某人)的气be interested in对.感兴趣be able
6、 to能；会be afraid of害怕be amazed at对.感到惊讶be excited about对.感到兴奋be filled with用.充满be full of充满.的be good at (= do well in )在.方面做得好；善于,be late for迟到be made in在.生产或制造be made of由.组成；由.构成be pleased with对.感到满意be proud of以.自豪(高兴)be used for用于 D)动词+ 名词/ 代词 beg ones pardon请原谅；对不起do morning exercises做早操do ones ho
7、mework做作业enjoy oneself (= have a good time)过得快乐；玩得愉快give a concert开音乐会go boating去划船go fishing去钓鱼go hiking去徒步旅行go skating去滑冰go shopping (去)买东西have a cold (患)感冒have a cough (患)咳嗽,动词的分类,难点链接,have a headache (患)头痛have a try尝试；努力have a look看一看have a rest休息have a seat (= take a seat ) 就坐；坐下have sports进行体育
8、活动have supper吃晚餐hear of听说hold a sports meeting举行运动会make a decision作出决定make a mistake犯错误make a noise吵闹make faces做鬼脸make friends交朋友make money赚钱take ones place坐某人的座位；代替某人的职务teach oneself (=learn by oneself ) 自学take photos照相take time花费(时间)take turns轮流watch TV看电视,E)动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词 catch up with赶上come
9、up with找到；提出(答案、解决办法等)get on well with与.相处融洽give birth to生(孩子)help yourself / yourselves to自取；随便吃make room for给.腾出地方play a joke on戏弄人；对人恶作剧speak highly of称赞say goodbye to告别；告辞take an active part in积极参加take care of照顾；照料；注意,难点链接,动词的分类,F)其他类型 be awake醒着的be born出生be busy doing忙着做e true实现do ones best尽最大努
10、力fall asleep睡觉；入睡go home回家go on doing (sth.)继续做某事；尽力get married结婚get together相聚go straight along沿着.一直往前走had better (do)最好(做.)keep doing sth.一直做某事make sure确保；确认；查明make up ones mind下决心,3.动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。
11、例如：She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）,动词的分类,难点链接,4.根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：谓语动词（Finite Verb）、非谓语动词（Non-finite Verb）.例如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。）She wants to learn English well.她想学好英语。（to learn不受主
12、语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。 说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式、动名词、分词。,1）谓语动词,2）非谓语动词,5.动词有五种形态，分别是：原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。,难点链接,非谓语动词,一、非谓语动词的种类 非谓语动词，顾名思义，即不能作句子的谓语用的动词，也称动词的非限定形式。主要分为动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词和动名词四种，非谓语动词也有动词的特征，可有自己的状语和宾语。,二、动词不定式 动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，有加“to”和省to两种形式，可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语，宾语补足语、状语等成份。 1、动词不定式
13、作主语。 To get an injection is a little painful. To learn English well is a good thing.,注：（1）不定式作主语，整个结构看成一个整体，谓语用单数形式，还可用it作形式主语而把不定式放于句末，保持句子平衡。如 It takes me two hours to finish my English homework. Its difficult to learn English well. (2)不定式作主语有两种特殊结构，一般认为是由for 或of引导其逻辑主语，如 Its important for us to l
14、earn a foreign language. Its difficult for us to finish it on time. Its kind /good/nice of you to help me. Its clever /foolish/polite/careful/careless of you to do that.,2、动词不定式作表语。 My job is to feed animals. Our duty is to keep the classroom clean and tidy. His wish is to become a singer. 3、动词不定式作宾
15、语 He wants to borrow a book from me. I hope to see my pen friend as soon as possible. Children love to play games. I found it difficult to get on with him.(it为形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式),难点链接,非谓语动词,注：不定式有时与疑问句where, how, what, which, when, who 等连用，作动词的宾语。如： What to do How to do it Where to go I dont know When to set off Which one to choose Who to ask He gave a talk on how to study English Well.,4、不定式作定语 Would you like something to drink /to read/to eat? I have a lot of homework to do. I have something important to tell you. 5、不定式作宾语补足语。分省“to”和加“to”两种。 I told him to do it himself.(加to) He as
