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1、1 初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词， 定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。如： The story which he told was very popular You can t wake a person who is pretending to be asleep. 一：定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that ， which ， who （宾格 whom ，所有格 whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why 等。关系代词和关 系副词放在先行词及定语从句之
2、间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 二：关系代词的用法( 在从句中作主语或是宾语) 1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略， 作宾语可省略。如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.（that 作主语） The coat （that ） I put on the desk is blue.（that作宾语） 2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。如： The building which stands near the train station is a
3、 supermarket.（作主语） The film （which ） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看（作宾语） 3.who， whom 用于指人， who 用作主语， whom用作宾语，可以省略。在口语中，who 也可 以作宾语。如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.（作主语） Who is the teacher （whom ） Li Ming is talking to？（作宾语） 4.whose用来指人或物 , 只用作定语，如： They rush
4、ed over to help the man whose car had broken down. （做定语） 注意： （1）当定语从句中含有介词，且介词放在句末时，who， that， which作宾语时可省略， 但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/ whom ”结构。如： This is the house in which we lived last year. Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. （2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，有些介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。如： This is the
5、 person whom you are looking for. （3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。如： The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 （4）关系词只能用that的情况： a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级 时，只能用that 。如： He was the first person that passed the exam. b. 被修饰的先行词为all ， any ， much， many， everything， anyt
6、hing， none ， the one 等不定代词时，只能用that 。如： Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ c. 先行词被the only ， the very ， the same， the last ， little， few 等词修饰 时，只能用that 。例如： This is the same bike that I lost. 2 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that 。例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw
7、 in the room. e. 以 who或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that 。如： Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ f. 主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that ，而不用which. 例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. （5）关系词只能用which ，而不用 that 的情况： a. 先行词为that ， those时，用 which ， 而不用 that.例如： What s that which is under
8、 the desk？ b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which ，而不用that.例如： This is the room in which he lives. c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用which ， 而不用 that.例如： Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 三：关系副词的用法（在从句中中作状语） （1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。如： This was the time when he arrived. （2）where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。如： This is pl
9、ace where he works. （3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 练习题： 单项填空。 1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？ -Yes ， hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim？ A. which B. in which C. that D. the o
10、ne 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？ A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who a
11、grees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that of which. 8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which ； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was 9. I love places _
12、the people are really friendly. 3 A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in . 用适当的关系代词that ， which ， who， whom填空。 1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _is calle
13、d April Fools Day in the west. 3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends. 4. The house _we live in is very old. 5. Didn t you see the man _I talked with just now？ 参考答案： I. 1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCD . 1. that 2. which / that 3. who / that 4. that / which 5. who/ whom/ that
