《美国文学史发展概况(老师给的复习提纲)（9月11日）.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《美国文学史发展概况(老师给的复习提纲)（9月11日）.pptx（16页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、学 海 无 涯 美国文学史复习提纲 一、殖民主义时期的文学(The Literature of Colonial America)17th.c 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：narratives 日记 , journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）about their voyage to the new land about adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops about dealing with Indians Guide to the new land, endless bounty, inv
2、itation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）Puritans wanted to make pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Puritans wished to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to theology.重建教堂，提供简 单服务，建立神圣地位 Puritans looked upon themselves as a people chosen by God, and it
3、 followed logically that anyone who challenged their way of life was opposing Gods will and was not to be accepted.认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反 对上帝 Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒 唐的地步 Puritan religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a
4、 wrathful God and to forget his mercy.强调上帝严厉 的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒： John Cotton 约翰科登 ， Roger William 罗杰威廉姆斯 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William 的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a la
5、ck of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并 没有给任何人强迫别人该如何
6、行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 安妮布雷兹特里特(女) sincere belief in God 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of the Puritan poets was Edward Taylor 爱德华泰勒 (1642-1729) 8、Captain John Smith, his reports of exploration has been regarded as the first distinctly American literature.,1,学 海 无
7、涯,学习指南： 1、Could you give me a description of American Puritans? (关于美国清教徒的描绘) Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the purity of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary im
8、portance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin,
9、 the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meant to prove that were Gods chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were th
10、e Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet power of the grant nature; evil of the world. Pequod : is the microcosm of the human society; is the ship of American soul. Whiteness is a paradoxical color, too, signifying as it does d
11、eath and corruption as well as purity, innocence and youth. 主人公：Ishmael 伊什米尔，取自圣经。在书中说：to write a mighty book you must have a mighty theme. 写一 部宏大的著作，必须有一个宏大的主题。故事人物：Captain Ahab.船长阿哈比；Queequeg 捕鲸人奎因奎格，was a friendly person；the rebellious struggle of Captain Ahab against the overwhelming, mysterious
12、 vastness of the universe and its awesome, sometimes merciless forces. The fitting symbol for his theme was the “gliding great demon of the seas of life.”阿哈比舰长和各种危险之间的激烈斗争，他同那些强大的、神秘的自然展开斗争，他们令人毛骨悚然， 有时还冷酷无情。他把那只大白鲸贴切的比喻为“生命海洋中滑行的恶魔”。 “Moby Dick”：one of the major themes in Melville is alienation, wh
13、ich he sensed existing in the life of his time on different levels, between man and man, man and society, and man and nature. Captain Ahab seems to be the best illustration of it all. The voyage itself is a metaphor for “search and discovery, the search for the ultimate truth of experience.” He had
14、Ahab topmost in his mind. In a sense Ahab embodies all of the evil he once consigned to Moby Dick. 9、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利沃兹沃思朗费罗 poet 诗人 it would be hard, also, to overestimate the importance of his anthology “The Poets and Poetry of Europe”. His own poetry became a means of teaching reader
15、s of his day something of the possible range of poetic subject matter and techniques, ancient, medieval, and modern. 我们欧洲诗人及诗歌不能把这部作品估计过高。他自己的诗歌成为了 他教学的材料，在书中他讲述了诗的主题和一些写作技巧。从古代的，中世纪的一直到现代的诗歌，他都一一作了阐 述。,9,学 海 无 涯 殊荣：After his death, he became the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poets
16、corner of Westminster Abbey.朗费罗去世后被安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂的诗人之角，他也是美国惟一获此殊荣的诗人。 The gentleness, sweetness, and purity for his poetry was popular during his lifetime. 他的诗歌因高雅宜人、纯正有 韵味而大受欢迎。 he was consistently high-minded but conventional, and untouched by the religious and social struggles that disturbed his contemporaries. 他接受正统的思想，但并不保守。他的思想没有受到当时社会、宗教和各种政治斗争的 影响。 特点：exercised a great influence in bringing European culture to the U.S., and likewise did much to popularize American folk themes abroad where h
