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1、解析高考英语 阅读中的长难句,长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。 理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。,1、带有较多成分的简单句。,Having chosen family television programs and womens magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific womens magazines to be used.,
2、一、长难句的分类,2、含有多个简单句的并列句。,In the 1970s, he was a surgeon at Yale，and had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.,I cant live in fear of the possibility that as the earths population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources，our children may h
3、ave to lead poorer lives.,3、含有多个从句的复合句。,4、含有多个插入成分的句子。,His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently（无知地）enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system.,5、并列复合句。,I have known ch
4、anges for the better and changes for the worse，but I have never questioned the fact that whether I liked it or not，change was unavoidable.,Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.,6、 倒装句。,1、 复合从句 不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。 主干是整个句子的骨
5、架，主要指主谓宾结构或主系表结构。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。 通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。,二、长难句的归纳,2、 分隔结构为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要的是为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，使语义严密，将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来。 考试中出现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。,3、 成分省略
6、在英语句子中，节约用词是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。,4、 改变语序改变语序主要指倒装句式。这种打破相对固定的常规语序的做法，或是为了强调句子的意义表达的重心，或是强调一种表达语气，如虚拟语气、否定语气等。这些句子往往和一些副词、连词相关，有明显的标志。,(1) 结构分析法 通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架。首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子附属成分。,三、分析长难句的方法策略,句 子,判 断,简单句,并
7、列句,复合句,主 干,并列连词,从属连词,However, who specialize in ageing the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years.,方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法找主、 谓语，即找主干成分,many scientists,are doubtful about it and say,方法二：并列句的处理方法- 找并列连词,Miss Germaines mother looked anxious through the wedding Mr. Cordells parents are rep
8、orted to be less than delighted.,and,方法三：主从复合句处理方法-找从属连词,a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble he appeared one night asking he could sleep on the sofa.,Whe
9、reas,that,that,until,if,方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法 先读懂并列句，再看主从复合句,you ask people to name one person had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man didnt even speak EnglishWi
10、lliam, the Conqueror.,but,If,who,who,(2) 意群阅读法把意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词连接成较完整的信息。此方法不仅有利于提高阅读速度，而且有利于对句子的整体理解。,分析：是状语从句，是主句，是with引导的介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。这样，把整个句子划为3个意群，可以大大提高阅读速度。,When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other，,an unbelted driver would meet the windshield,with a force equal to diving headfirst int
11、o the ground from a height of 10 meters.,1. 句子信息量大，结构复杂，附加成分多（几种从句同时出现） 2. 分隔现象普遍（主谓分隔、同位语 分隔、定语分隔等） 3. 省略现象,四、长难句的几个特点,这些都增加了阅读的难度。因此在回归语篇复习时，要运用所学知识去突破英语阅读中的长难句。,五、分析长难句的注意事项,1、是否有同位语和插入语。 2、是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现象。 3、替代词的所指对象。 4、判断并列成分的层次。 5、句首的并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下的作用，不要将他们归入后文的句法分析。,五、分析长难句的注意事项,6、在
12、从句多的句子中，从句中又包含从句的现象。 7、非限定动词短语在句中作次要成分（定语和状语）时 又带着自己较长的从属成分，尤其是状语从句或宾语 从句时的结构分析。 8、在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中，状语（单个词、 短语或从句）究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词 语的修饰语。,Chinese Premier Li Keqiang greets journalists upon arriving at his press conference after the closing meeting of the second annual session of Chinas 12th National
13、 Peoples Congress (NPC) at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China.,KUALA LUMPUR - Investigators believe someone aboard a missing Malaysian airplane deliberately shut off its communications and tracking systems, turned the plane around and flew for nearly seven hours after it vanis
14、hed, Prime Minister Najib Razak said on Saturday.,Where ?,Practice 1. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressures。 (2009 江苏),However，those of us who are paren
15、ts of children in this age group know that such offers are relatively rare and that many liberal-arts students(文科生) graduate with the belief that the prospective(预期的) workplace may not have a place for them.,找主干，理清思路；寻关联，辨认逻辑 即先寻找主句-整个句子的骨架，特别是主句的谓语动词，再寻找从属连词，辨认和确定从句与主句的逻辑关系（从句是主句的何种成分）。,Practice 2
16、Today it is not unusual for a student，even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer，to have $5,000 in loans(贷款) after four yearsloans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation.,Types and Strategies,. 并列和主从复合句并存的复杂句型,If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Web
