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1、英语委婉语英汉翻译初探A Pilot Study on the Translation of English Euphemism into ChineseSubmitted byStudent ID number W2006B1001B0047 Supervised byA paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of ArtsBeijing Foreign Studies University11. DIRECTIONS FOR LEARNERS1) Analyz
2、e the data in no less than 1,000 words by using one or some of the methods recommended in Step 2 and Step 3 of Stage 7 in Writing Your BA Paper Through Practical Translation Project Design. The analysis should be based on the examples from the data, or no less than 3 samples from each category of th
3、e data.2) The heading for this section has been given. You may decide on your own subheadings if there are any.3) Insert your analysis of the data in paragraphs, tables, diagrams or listings in the space below.4. Data AnalysisThe process of translation consists of two phases: comprehension and expre
4、ssion. Generally speaking, comprehension is of foremost importance, and expression is the nature consequence of thorough comprehension. However, in the practice of translation we may find that now and than some words in their usual senses are very difficult to deal with because of the disparity betw
5、een the English and Chinese language. In this case we have to resort to some special means of translation. Literal translation and free translation are two alternative approaches to tackle this problem.4.1 The Analysis of Literal TranslationLiteral translation does not mean word-for-word translation
6、. Superficially speaking, it means how to alter the original words and sentences; strictly speaking, it strives to keep the sentiments and style of the original. It takes sentences as its basic units and takes the2whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translation. Furthermo
7、re, it strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the original works and retains as much as possible the figure of speeches.Example 1 is an excerpt of Frederick Engelss Speech at the Graveside of Karl Marx. Itdescribes the scene of Karl Marxs death. Here Engels respectively u
8、sed euphemisms “ceased to think” and “peacefully gone to sleep” to substitute the word “die” that expressed his grief and sorrow of losing his comrade in arms and showed his boundless respect towards Karl Marx. If Engels did not use euphemisms but saying “die” directly in the sentence, the whole sen
9、tence would lose the flavor of gravity, elegance and decency. In order to keep the sentiments and style of the original, themethod of literal translation is employed here. The euphemisms “ceased to think” and “peacefully gone to sleep but forever” are translated to “ting zhi le si kao (停止了思考)” and “
10、jing jing de shui zhao le dan yi jing shi yong yuan de shui zhao le (静静地睡着了 但已经是永远的睡着了)”.Same process of literal translation is employed in Example 2 as well. In the sentence, “went out with the tide” is adopted to take place the meaning of “was drowned”.Without changing its original message form an
11、d image, the English euphemism is translated into Chinese as “gen chaoshui yi dao qu le (跟潮水一道去了)”. Suchprocess of literal translation does not leave Chinese readers any comprehension barrier of the original meaning of the English sentence and even adequately remains the euphemistic effect of the or
12、iginal sentence.In Example 3, both “secret daughter” and “love child” are euphemistic expression of3“bastard child”. Their Chinese counterparts, “si sheng zi (私生子)”, “si sheng nu (私生女)” or “ai de jie jing (爱的结晶)” have already been accepted by Chinese readers. Therefore, the English euphemisms here i
13、n the sentence can be translatedliterally.4.2 The Analysis of Free TranslationFree translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns or figures of speech. This approach is most frequently adopted when i
14、t is really impossible for the translator to translate the original meaning literally.In Example 16, “go to his long home” is an euphemistic expression of “die” in English. Not knowing the connotation of this English euphemism, the translator will failto convey the original meaning to the target rea
15、ders. The surface meaning of “go to his long home” in Chinese is “hui lao jia (回老家)” which cannot make Chinese readersto associate it with “die”. Besides, the translator may feel that the adjective “long” in the original sentence is not easy to be comprehended and to be processed. Instead ofliteral
16、translation, free translation is an alternative approach. The appropriate Chinese rendering of “go to his long home” is “kuai bu xing le (快不行了)” according tothe tense of the original sentence. Paying little attention to the details of the original sentence, the general idea of the original is conveyed by free translation.In Example 17,
