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1、高考一轮复习考点一遍过高考一轮考点一遍过分项解析逐一击破考点18介词关系代词引导的定语从句高考频度：考点详解考向一 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词关系代词的用法当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用介词关系代词引导定语从句。如果指人，用介词whom；如果指物，用介词which。 介词关系代词结构中介词的选用1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思。Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不
2、会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。2.表示整体和部分关系，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。3.有时介词where可以引导定语从句，此时要和介词which引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。His head soon appeared out of the wind
3、ow，from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for等。of which / whom有时可以用whose名词结构来改写。当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时，通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省略)；如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则用关系代词引导(th
4、at 或which 可省略)。 (2020天津卷7月单项填空) Dr. Rowan, _ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.A. whoseB. of whomC. of whichD. which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。_ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowans ”，表示“的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故
5、选A。考向二 定语从句与其他句型的区别一、限制性定语从句与同位语从句的区别关系副词引导限制性定语从句中的关系词有跟他们含义相应的先行词，而引导同位语从句时则没有与他们含义相应的先行词。Sorry, Ive forgot the day when we met for the first time. 抱歉，我记不起我们第一次见面的日子了。（定语从句，先行词the day 与when含义相应）Ive no idea when we met for the first time. 我不知道我们第一次是什么时候见面的。（同位语从句，idea与when没有任何联系） 二、定语从句与时间状语从句的区别当定
6、语从句的引导词与时间状语从句的连接词都是when时，定语从句修饰、限制、说明时间名词，只能放在先行词的后面；而时间状语从句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以放在主句的前面。Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句）It was already five oclock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five oclock. 当课结束时，已经是五点钟了。（时间状语从句）三、定语从句与地点状语从句的区别当定语从句的引导词与地点
7、状语从句的连接词都是where时，定语从句修饰、限制、说明地点名词；而状语从句则说明动作发生的地点，where没有对应的地点名词或代词。This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这就是几年前我们常居住的地方。（定语从句）Lets go where we can find a better job. 我们到我们能找到更好工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句）四、定语从句与强调句型的区别定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制，关系词可能是that, which, as, who, but, 另一方面，句子中的It有所指；而强调句型是对某部
8、分加强语气，强调语气的连接词只能是that, who，并且句子中的It 没有任何意义；一般比较明显，而有时就难以区别，还需要根据上下文的语境来判断。It is a book that he wants.它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句，就要从语境上来考察。如果它是用来回答What is this / that? 这样的问题，意思是：它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回答What does he want? 这样的问题，那么意思是：他想要的是一本书。显然，句子是强调句型。五、定语从句与结果状语从句的区别定语从句中的关系词在从句中还要作某种成分，因而从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连
9、接词不作任何句子成分，因此句子成分完整。It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。（定语从句）It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的书，我么大家都喜欢它。（结果状语从句）比较：It is such an interesting book that we all like. 强调句型。意思是：我们大家都喜欢的是一本如此有趣的书。六、定语从句与独立主格结构的区别定语从句一般有关系词、主谓结构完整；而独立主格结构没有关系词、也没有谓
10、语动词。The book being very interesting, we all like it. 由于这本书有趣，我们大家都喜欢它。The book which / that is very interesting was published last year. 这本有趣的书是去年出版的。1.（2020新课标II卷 短文改错）Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.【答案】what which 【解析】考查定语从句。本句是含有非限制性定语从句的复合句，先行词 是 your letter，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，所以
11、此处应用指物的 which。 2.（2020新课标III卷短文改错）Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation. 【答案】what that 【解析】考查定语从句。 此处考查定语从句。先行词为 the food，不定代词all 作其定语，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词 that。3.（2020天津卷单项填空）7. Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, _he ga
12、ve it to his grandson.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. who【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是theearly 1990 s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故选B。检测训练题组一 基础过关1. Is this the watch you bought it last month?2. This is the bicycle factory where we visited last week.3. In the basket there
13、 are quite many apples, some of that have gone bad.4.1 bought my sister a big toy, what delighted her greatly. 5. she, wore the same dress that her young sister wore.6. The original hamburger can be traced back to the Middle Ages, which Russians ate raw meat that was cut into small pieces and formed
14、 into a small round flat shape.7. There is a big window in my room, from which I can see the railway station.8. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow.9. Sing! China has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music, which some have stood out amon
15、g them.10. Like we all can see, teachers are badly needed in our country, but not many of us want to become teachers.II短文改错On my way home from school last Friday, I saw a little dog looking hopelessly on the sidewalk. I was held it firmly up in my arms, took it home and feed some milk to it. However, my mom was unwilling to keep them, saying there was enough pets for us, two cats and a dog. I begged my mom not to let it go. Finally, we agreed that it would be deciding by my dad, whom didnt re
