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1、英语专题复习之三,阅读备考,记叙文,体 裁,说明文,应用文,议论文,1,4,2,3,主旨大意,事实细节,推理判断,猜测词义,阅读题型,阅读理解的题型：,一 事实细节题,2.解题思路 1）直接事实题 细节的直接辨认，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息 2）间接事实题 从阅读材料中获取的信息以同义词或反义词的形式出现，或需要归纳总结,1.设问方式 1.) which of the following is true /false/mentioned （提到）? 2) All of the following are true EXCEPT _.,细节题干扰项有以下特点：,是原文信息但不是题目要求的内容
2、； 符合常识，但不是文中内容； 与原文的内容极为相似，只是在程度上有些变化； 在意思上与原文大相经庭甚至完全相反； 部分正确，部分不正确,Father Christmas Were looking for a very special person，preferably over 40，to fill our Father Christmas suit Working days：Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 except Sundays，1
3、0：30-16：00 Excellent pay Please contact(联系)the Enterprise Shopping Centre，Station Parade，Eastbourne,We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who_ Ais aged between 24 and 40 Bmay do some training work Cshould deal with general duties Dcan work for about a month,全国卷I,Ex
4、ercise：,二 主 旨 大 意 题,The main idea of the passage is Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? What is the . paragraph mainly about? What is the best title of.? The purpose of this article is to ,1). 设问方式:,Keys:,善于把握文章或段落的主题句，一般位于段首或段尾； 分辨主要和次要信息，并将主要信息尽快筛选出来 大意题要
5、求恰当概括文章内容，不能太大，不能太小，不能与文章无关,依据主题句归纳主题时，容易出现三种错误，需要同学们在练习中注意。 1以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。 2过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。 3把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。,Attention!,I am not special, just single-minded. It always struck me that when youre looking at a big challenge from the outside it looks
6、huge, but when youre in the midst of it, it just seems normal. Everything you want wont arrive in your life on one day. Its a process. Remember；little steps add up to big dreams.,What dose the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph? A.Failure is the mother of success. B.Little by little
7、 ,one goes far. C.Every coin has two sides. D.Well begun ,half done.,全国卷一,Exercise：,(1) It can be inferred（推断） that _. (2) From the text we know that _. (3) The story implies （暗示） that _. (4)The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _. (5) The writers attitude towardsis _.,推理判 断 题,1.
8、设问方式,2.解推断题应注意： (1) 不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点； (2) 推理的根据来自于上下文。,There is sadly no home milk delivery todayBig companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete(竞争)Besides，milk is for sale everywhere，and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery serv
9、ice。,It can be inferred（推断） that home milk delivery no longer exists because_ ANobody wants to be a milkman now BIt has been driven out of the market C. Its service is getting poor DIt is forbidden by law,全国卷一 A,Exercise：,常用 设问形式 The underlined word “ ” refers to (means) . Which of the following wor
10、ds can take the place of the word “ ”? What is the meaning of “ ” as the words are used in the text? Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ ”? What do you think the expression. stands for?,语义猜测,语义理解技巧,1.运用上下文逻辑关系 2 运用文中解释或列举 3 运用 同义关系 4 运用同位关系 5 运用对比关系 6 运用因果关系 7 运用构词法,He stray
11、ed because of the darkness, and didnt know where he was.,1. 运用上下文的逻辑关系,迷路,技巧点拨,2. 运用文中的解释或列举,1.But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there is a dry period, or drought. 2.Before long, many diners stayed open around the clock. In other words, people were able to eat in a diner at an
12、y time.,干旱，旱灾,简易餐厅，快餐店,运用同义关系,The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all called her an eccentric lady.,技巧点拨,古怪的,His father was an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language.,4. 运用同位关系,语 音 学,He had been getting better, but during the night his
13、 condition deteriorated.,技巧点拨,恶化,5. 运用对比关系,The tree will have to be cut down for it obstructs the view of oncoming traffic.,6. 运用因果关系,妨碍,阻碍,英语构词法分派生法、转化法和合成法。 .,1).Our soldiers won a decisive victory in the battle.,7. 根据构词法,技巧点拨,决定性的,Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husbands income. S
14、o this year she did something more than a hobby: She planted vegetables in her yard. For her fist garden, Ms Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The familys old farm house has become a chicken bourse ,its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms.Rita Gar
15、tin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said ,“The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds too; so its a win-win situation all around.”,64. What does the word “residents” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A. chickens B. tomatoes C. ga
16、rdens D. people,Exercise：,全国卷2,顺读法： 通读全文 阅读问题 重点查看 这种阅读法适合于大多数文章特别是篇章不算很长，问题又不算少的题，具体应先通读全文，理解大意，把握重点信息，段落大意和中心思想然后阅读问题和选项，最后带着问题重点查看，有针对性的进行核实这种方法的好处是：既快又稳，不易遗漏某些信息，使考生能紧扣中心思想，避免偏差,选择合适的解题方法,2. 逆读法： 阅读题干通读全文细看选项重点查看 这种方法适合长篇文章，因为文章过长，里面往往有很多多余信息若先读问题，我们就知道哪些信息与问题有关，哪些无关，使阅读具有针对性，遇到重要的地方要细致些，对于多余信息可以跳过，加快阅读解题速度,跳读法： 浏览小标题阅读题干带着问题阅读 这种方法对于图表类文章或者附有小标题的长篇文章较适用,E Wanted,Someone for a Kiss Were looking for prod
