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1、Historical Background Literary Tendencies 1. Realism 2. The Irish Dramatic Movement 3. Modernism,Part IX. 20th Century Literature,Thomas Hardy(1840-1928),John Galsworthy(1867 1933),“The Forsyte Saga” “A Modern Comedy”,Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1932,The nine novels which make up The For
2、syte Chronicles - one of the most popular and enduring works of 20th century literature - chronicle the ebbing social power of the commercial upper-middle class Forsyte family between 1886 and 1920. Galsworthys masterly narrative examines not only their fortunes but also the wider developments withi
3、n society, particularly the changing position of women. The author has drawn a fascinating and accurately detailed picture of the British propertied class,The Forsyte Chronicles,Often incorrectly called The Forsyte Saga - the nine novel sequence properly known as The Forstye Chronicles contains thre
4、e trilogies The first trilogy is The Forsyte Saga (The Man of Property - In Chancery- To Let). The second trilogy- A Modern Comedy (The White Monkey- The Silver Spoon- Swan Song) The third and concluding trilogy- End of the Chapter (Maid in Waiting- Flowering Wilderness- One More River).,The three t
5、rilogies,Joseph Conrad 18571924,Polish-born British novelist noted as a master of atmosphere and narrative technique. His works include Lord Jim (1900), Heart of Darkness (1902) Nostromo (1904).,George Bernard Shaw:(1856-1950),“Unpleasant Plays” “Pleasant Plays”,follower of Ibsenism, and famous for
6、“Problem Plays”,“Unpleasant Plays”,- “Widowers Houses” (1893) - “Mrs. Warrens Profession” (1898),“Pleasant Plays”,- “Arms and the Man” (1894) - “Heartbreak House” (1920) - “Major Barbara” (1905) - “John Bulls Other Island” (1904) - “Man and Superman” (1903) - “Pygmalion” (1913) - “Back to Methuselah
7、” (1921) - “St. Joan” (1929) - “The Apple Cart” (1929),As a Term Modernism in English Poetry T. S. Eliot Modernism in English Fiction 1. Henry James 2. Conrad 3. D. H. Lawrence 4. James Joyce 5. Virginia Woolf,Modernism,Modernism,The term Modernism usually refers to the early part of the 20th centur
8、y sometimes beginning with the 1st World War in 1914, and continuing through the 1930s or so perhaps up to the 2nd World War. Modernism is defined by its rejection of the literary conventions of the nineteenth century and by its opposition to conventional morality, taste, traditions, and economic va
9、lues.,The Most Influential Modernists,Some of the most influential modernist writers tried some radical experiments with form: Poets like Pound and Eliot working in free verse Novelists like Joyce, Woolf, experimenting with stream of consciousness and elaborate language games.,Three Philosophical Ba
10、ckgrounds,As opposed to historic causes: WW I The Depression America/Europe feeling lost Karl Marx 马克思 Sigmund Freud 弗洛伊德 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche 尼采,Karl Marx,-Economic determinism(经济决定论认为一切社会、政治、文化和智力活动均为社会经济组织的产物) -Human behavior controlled by forces OUTSIDE self -Class struggle, workers unite
11、 for utopian change,Sigmund Freud,-Psychoanalysis-Psychological determinism-Man behavior from forces INSIDE the self-Interior forces, mans taboos and rules govern self and world-Self-analysis,Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche,-God is Dead-Economic and psychological determinism-No divine patterns, search f
12、or meaning-Trying to put world back into some kind of form, structure-Spiritual ruins after the war, what is the meaning of life,Social Picture of the Period,-Rise of cities-Dehumanization(非人性化), anonymity(匿名，不知姓名) of people-Class structure changing-Advancing technology-Politics: revolutions, wars -
13、Physics: quantum physics(量子物理学), Einstein, uncertainty principle-Religion: God is dead, everything is meaningless,Characteristics,1. Alienation from society and loneliness 2. Procrastination(拖延，延宕) /An inability to act 3. Agonized recollection of the past -constant flashbacks into the past 4. Fear o
14、f death and the appearance of death,5. Inability to feel or express love 6. World as a wasteland: Poor environmental portrayal 7. Man creating his own myths within his mind to fall back upon,Characteristics,Imagism in Poetry,Imagism was an Anglo-American poetic movement flouring in the 1910s. The pr
15、inciples are: to use language of common speech to employ always the exact word to create new rhythms to present an image to produce poetry that is hard and clear,Words or phrases or any expressions that create pictures in the readers mind are images. Images can appeal to senses: seeing, hearing, tou
16、ch, taste, smell and movement.,Image（意象）,W. B. Yeats,1923 Nobel Prize winning Irish dramatist, author and poet,T. S. Eliot,“The Waste Land” “The Four Quarters”,When the evening is spread out against the sky Like a patient etherized upon a table; I have measured out my life with coffee spoons To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways?,Notes: 1. Etherize: 以醚麻醉 2. butt-end: 烟头,Streets that follow l
