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1、1,2,1.主语从句作主语，主句谓语动词通常用 单数；为使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语。 2.表语从句还可以用as if， as though引导。 3.表示“是否”，引导宾语从句时可用if或whether，但在介词后或直接与or not连用时，只能用whether引导；引导表语从句、同位语从句或位于句首的主语从句时，只 能用whether，不用if。,3,4. 同位语从句一般放在fact，news，idea， promise，suggestion，advice 等抽象名词之后，说明或解释这些抽象名词的具体内容。多用that引导，不能由which引导。 5. 当宾语从句又带有补语时，要用it作
2、形式宾语。 6. 在表示“建议” “命令” “要求”，如advice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand，request等词后的名词性从句，其谓语通常 用“(should)动词原形”。,4,7. that引导名词性从句时，没有任何意义，也不作任何句子成分；但that引导定语从句时，它代表先行词，而且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。如： I still remember the promise that he made.我依然记得他许下的诺言。(定语从句) The naughty boy made a promise that he would never make
3、a noise.那个淘气的孩子保证说他以后再也不吵闹了。(同位语从句),5,8.what可引导名词性从句但不能引导定语从句。what引导名词性从句，有时相当于“the +名词that”，表示“(所)的”。如： What(=The thing that) you said was right.你所说的是正确的。,6,熟读深思,What worries my classmate Mary a lot these days1 is that she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill2. She has some doubts whet
4、her she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar3. Also, with the college entrance examination approaching, she becomes more stressful and she couldnt sleep well these days. Maybe this is also the cause that she becomes fatter these days4, she thinks. How she becomes slimmer and healthier5 has b
5、een her main task.,7,So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions. But where she could get better suggestions and who will give her better advice6 also puzzle her. It is her parents suggestion that she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital7. Professor Wang suggests t
6、hat she keep a balanced diet first8. She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber, vitamin and protein.,8,Whats more, if she wants to lose weight, she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day. Mary asked Professor Wang when she should take exercise9. Professor Wang advised
7、her to take exercise at 5 oclock in the afternoon because she will have more time to do sports. Thanks to Professor Wang, Mary has become much healthier now.,汉语译文：我的同学Mary感到很焦虑是因为这一段时间胖了很多而且经常生病。她怀疑她是否吃了太多含有高脂肪或高糖的快餐。而且高考将近,她的心理压力很大，所以这几天总是睡不好。,9,她想这也有可能是造成她变胖的原因。她怎样可以变得苗条些和更健康些变成她的主要任务了。所以她想通过咨询专家来
8、获得一些指导。但她去哪里咨询和要咨询谁又让她感到很困惑。她的父母建议她去中山医院咨询王教授。王教授建议她首先要保持均衡的饮食，应多吃富含纤维、维他命、蛋白质及新鲜的蔬菜和水果。当然，如果她想要减肥，最好还是要每天坚持运动半个小时以上。Mary问王教授哪一个时间段适合她去运动。王教授建议她下午5点后去运动，因为她这时是有充足的时间来运动的。幸亏王教授，Mary现在健康多了。,10,熟读深思,1.主语从句。What (=the thing that)在主语从句中作主语。 2.表语从句。从句本身意思完整，也不缺任何句子成分，所以用that引导。 3.同位语从句。补充说明doubt的具体内容，因dou
9、bt(疑惑)的意思本身是不确定的，故由whether引导。 4.同位语从句。说明the cause的具体内容。 5.主语从句。表示“如何”变得苗条些和更健康些。,11,6.主语从句。去哪里向谁咨询，故分别由where, who引导。 7.同位语从句。说明suggestion的具体内容，从句内容完整也不缺任何句子成分，故由that引导。 8.宾语从句。从句内容完整也不缺句子成分，故由that引导。 9.宾语从句。when在从句中作时间状语。,12,状语从句 (知识网络见书P221),13,1. 在时间状语或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 2. 辨析：
10、when， while， as引导时间状语从句。while必须与延续性动词连用，强调主句动作延续到从句所指的整个时间时，只能用while；表示“随着” 只能用as；表示有规律的“每当” 时或主句动作与从句动作有先后时，只能用when。,14,3. 辨析：because，since， as引导原因状语从句。because语气最强，表示直接的原因，是说话人认为对方不知道的原因，它引导的从句通常位于主句之后；在回答why时，或者在强调结构中，只能用because。since和as是对大家已知的事实提供理由或背景，它们引导的从句多位于主句前，有时也位于主句后。,15,4. as引导让步状语从句时，从句
11、中的状语、表语或动词必须置于句首；though引导让步状语从句时，这些成分可置于句首也可用正常语序；但although等其他词引导的让步状语从句不能将这些成分前置。 5. 表示“虽然” 的连词不能与表示“但是” 的连词but连用； 表示“原因” 的because等连词不可与表示结果的连词so等同时使用。,16,熟读深思,My mother was cooking in the kitchen while1 I was doing my school assignments. As soon as2 I finished my homework, I went to get some water
12、 to drink. Then the door bell rang. However, my sister unlocked the door before3I could open it. We were surprised the moment4we saw her because5 her clothes and face were terribly dirty. She looked much poorer than6 we expected. Since7 we didnt know what had happened to her, we stood there and wait
13、ed for my sisters story .,17,We wouldnt leave unless8my sister told us all about it. After9my sister got changed, she told us that she fell into a ditch when10she walked on a path on her way to my uncles home in the countryside . She couldnt get out of the ditch. Although11 she cried for help loudly
14、, no one could hear her. She tried to climb out of it, but, however12 hard she tried, she failed to escape from it. As13time went by, she got worried.,18,After several vain attempts she had to stand where14she was and waited until15a boy student passed by and gave her a hand. The boy reached her a l
15、ong rope and told her to climb with the rope. She did as16 the boy told , so that17 she came out. My sister also warned us to be careful when18walking on a path even though/if19we are in a great hurry. Thats true. We should mind our step so that20we can ensure our safety.,19,汉语译文：我妈妈在厨房做饭，而我在做作业。我一做
16、完作业就去拿水喝，这时门铃响了。然而，我还没来得及打开门，我的妹妹就用钥匙打开了门。我们看见她时，非常惊讶，因为她的衣服和脸非常脏。她看起来比我们预期的更可怜。因为我们不知道发生了什么事，我们站在那，等着我妹妹的故事。除非我妹告诉我们关于这一切，否则我们是不会离开的。我妹妹换了衣服之后，就把一切都告诉了我们。她去乡下的叔叔家的路上不小心掉进了一个水沟里，而且上不来。,20,虽然她大声求救，但是没有人能听到。她试图爬出来，但是无论她怎么努力，都没能爬出来。时间一分一秒过去，她开始担忧起来。几个徒劳的尝试之后，她只好站在原处等。直到一个男孩经过，帮助了她。男孩把一根长绳索递给她并叫她拉着绳子爬起来，她按男孩所说的去做，结果就爬出来了。我妹妹也警告我们即使要赶时间，走小路时也要小心。确实这样，我们走路小心，这样就可以确保我们的安全。,21,1. 用于对比两件事，意思是“而”用while，不能用when/as代替。 2. as soon as引导时间状语从句, 表示“一就”。 3. before表示“还没来得及就”。 4. 名词词组如the moment/ the second/the day
