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1、1,Revision of the Present Perfect Tense,现在完成时专讲,2,复习目录,现在完成时态的概念 现在完成时态的结构 现在完成时态的否定，疑问形式 现在完成时态的用法 现在完成时态与一般过去式的比较 现在完成时态练习,3,冬天来了，春天还会远吗？,If winter has already come, can spring be far behind?,4,1.现在完成时的概念,1）表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果； 2） 表示过去已经开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 E.g. He has learned English since 2001
2、.,past,now,future,现在完成时,一般过去式,现在进行时,一般将来时,5,一. 结构 1.肯定句: have / has + p.p.(过去分词) 2.否定句: have/has + not + p.p.(过去分词) 3.一般疑问句: Have / Has 提到句首 Yes, have / has. No, havent /hasnt.,6,动词的过去式以及过去分词,AAA: put put put letlet let ABB: standstood stood ABA:becomebecamebecome ABC: eat ateeaten AAB: beat-beat-be
3、aten,7,规则动词,(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived (3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped,8,5.缩写形式,I have
4、 You have We have They have He has She has ,=Ive =Youve =Weve =Theyve =Hes =Shes,9,二、用法 1、表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 -Would you like some bread? -No, thanks. I have just had my breakfast. (对现在的影响：不饿) 常与副词 just（刚刚）, already, before, yet（一般 疑问：已经；否定句：还), never, ever等连用。 I have never heard of that before. H
5、ave you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just finished my homework. He has not come yet.,10,常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词: already (已经): 用于肯定句I have already posted the letter . yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasnt done his homework yet
6、. just(刚刚) They have just left. ever(曾经) Have you ever been to Beijing ? never(从不) I have never seen him . before(以前) Have you seen the film before? since(自从以来) Ive worked in the school since 1999. for(长达) Hes lived in Shenzhen for 6 years. in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去的) recently(最近)
7、I have not written to my parents recently. so far(到目前为止) So far she has learned 5 English songs. up to now(到目前为止) this morning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年),11,already和yet的区别 already常用于肯定句中或句末； yet常用于一般疑问句或否定句末。 但表惊讶时already也可用于疑问句。 e.g.1.Tomhasalreadyfinishedhiswork.2.Tomhasntfinishedhisworkyet.3.What!Ha
8、veyoualreadyfinishedit?,12,2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态， 也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。通常和 for（一段时间）, since（时间点） 引导的时间状语 连用。此外还可以与 so far, in the last ten years, by now, these days等连用。 I have been here for about 5 years. He has worked here since 1989.,I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years
9、/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990. Great changes have taken place in the last 10 years.,13,for和since的运用 for “经历(时间段)” since “自从以来” for时间段 since时间段 ago since时间点 since从句,1.Hehasstayedherefor3hours.2.Hehasstayedheresince3hoursago.3.Hehasstayedheresince3oclock.4.HehastaughtEnglishsince
10、hecamehere.,14,练一练：用for和since填空。,_three hours _three oclock _two days _yesterday afternoon _I came here _last Sunday,_a week _a long time _1997 _two weeks _three years ago _ last month,for,since,for,since,since,since,for,for,since,for,since,since,15,注意点一: since 的用法 1. +具体的过去时间 since 2008 since since
11、 last Sunday +ago since two years ago +句子(过去时) 2. It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.(自从某事发生已有一段时间了.) It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.,16,注意点二：短暂性动词与现在完成时 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与表示时间段的短语连用。这些动词是： buy , borrow ,become, begin, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join,
12、leave, marry等。为了表述相同的意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替短暂性动词。如： 我买这个手机有三年了。 I bought the cellphone 3 years ago. I have had the cellphone for 3 years .,17,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 Nick 参军3年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 4. 这本书我已借了4个月了.,His grandpa has died for 2 years.,Nick has joined the army for 3 years.,He has left Shenzhen for al
13、ong time.,I have borrowed the book for 4 months.,X,X,X,X,实义动词分为: 1) 瞬间动词 (die, join, leave, borrow等) 2)延续动词 (wait, know , learn 等),注意: 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.,18,短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换,come/go be (in) leave be away (from) borrow keep buy have die be dead get to know know begin be on go out be off go out be off arrive
14、 be here/there marry/get married -be married catch a cold - have a cold fall asleep/get to sleep be asleep join the Party be in the Party/be a member of,19,实义动词分为: 1) 瞬间动词 2)延续动词,瞬间动词,注意: 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.,20,method 2:,It is + 时间段 since +一般过去时的句子.,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 Nick 参军3年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 这本书我已借了4个月了.,It is
15、2 years since his grandpa died.,It is 3 years since Nick joined the army.,It is a long time since he left Shenzhen.,It is 4 months since I borrowed the book .,21,练一练,22,1.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks. ( ) 2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.( ),A B C,A B C,B kept,B been on,3. 这辆自行车我买了两年了。 Ive _ the bike _ two years.,4. He left Nanjing two years ago. He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.,5. The monkey died last month. The monkey _ _ _ for a month.,had for,has been away from,has been dead,23,注意点三：
