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1、专题14 名词性从句精讲深剖真题速递一单句语法填空1. （2019全国卷I）While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 【答案】that 【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。2. （2018全国卷III）Im not sure 61 is more frig
2、htened，me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.【答案】who 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓，是我还是那只不知从何处突然出现的雌性大猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。二单项选择1.（2019江苏卷）Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.A. whatB. thatC. which
3、D. where【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。2.（2018江苏卷）By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived.A. where B. whenC. why D. how【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。
4、故选D。3. （2018天津卷）The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.Awhomever BwhereverCwhoever Dwhatever【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：金牌将会被颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一的任何选手。本空需要连接词引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，指人，同时根据句意可知，应用whoever“的任何人，无论谁”引导这个宾语从句。考纲解读名词性从句是高考常考的语法项目，主要考查对连接词的正确把握。在同位语从句中，经常考查that的用法。除此之外，其他连
5、接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。知识梳理名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词that/whether/if，连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。一、that引导的名词性从句(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we
6、 dont have enough money.The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略：(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；(B)有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；(C)介词except，but，besides，in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；(D)当when，who，what，where，why，how等引导的从句与that引导的从
7、句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。He judged that，because he was a child，he did not understand wine.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.(3)that和what的区别。that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的“先行词关系代词
8、”，即常说的“先行词that”。Its a shame that he has made such a mistake. I will do what I can (do) to help him.(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，do
9、ubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句)that引导名词性从句时本身无意义，只起连接作用，也不在句中作任何成分。它引导的名词性从句结构和意义都完整，往往用于陈述事实。引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不能省略。引导宾语从句时，在口语和非正式文体中，th
10、at可省略。但下列情况下，that不可省略：【考题印证】单据语法填空与单句改错1(2016江苏高考改编)It is often the case_ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.【答案】that【解析】句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分且意思完整，故使用that引导。2(2016天津高考改编)The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much
11、work to do.【答案】that 【解析】句意：经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有一个助手。工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，故填that。3(2016北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is_ one can be entirely free from dust.【答案】that 【解析】句意：雨季最令人高兴的事情就是人们可以完全远离灰尘。分析句子结构可知，本句包含一个表语从句，且表语从句中句子结构完整，故使用that引导表语从句，that在表语从句中不作句子成分，只起
12、连接作用。4.(2015全国卷)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. _【答案】where改为that或去掉where【解析】found后是一个宾语从句，不缺少句子成分且句意完整，所以不能用where，应该用that引导，that也可省略。二、that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语的四大句式1Itbe形容词(necessary, right, likely, unlikely, wrong, important, certain, c
13、lear, obvious, strange, normal等)that从句It isnt likely that I should accept such an offer as that.我不可能接受像那样的帮助。2Itbe名词(短语)(a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder等)that从句Its no wonder that he didnt want to go.难怪他不想去。3Itbe过去分词(said, told, heard, reported, decided, suggested,
14、advised, ordered, remembered, thought, considered, wellknown, announced等)that从句It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一已经定下来了。特别注意在“Itbesuggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required .that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should)动词原形”。It is suggested that you (should) spend mo
15、re time in studying English.建议你花更多的时间学习英语。4It特殊动词或短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference等)that从句It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。【考题印证】(2018浙江11月高考)It is possible _ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.【答案】that【解析】it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语。三、whether与if的用法1用whether或if均可的情况(
