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1、英语语法知识难点（一）II 例题 （一） 形容词和副词I 要点A 形容词1、 形容词的用法形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：He is honest and hardworking.I found the book interesting.某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.The English like to be with their families.多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：冠词+序数词
2、+基数词 +性质状态（描述性）+形状大小 +新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料 +名词。如： the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.2、 形容词比较等级的形式（1） 规则形式一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; -est 来构成比较级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加 more, most.如：great-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiestimportant-more important-(the)most important（2） 不规则形式good (well)-be
3、tter-bestbad (ill)-worse-worstmany (much)-more-mostlittle-less-least（3） 形容词比较等级的用法表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than. 如：He is cleverer than the other boys.This one is more beautiful than that one.表示两者以上的比较，用the + 形容词最高级（+名词）+of(in) 如：He is the cleverest boy in his class.表示两者是同等程度，用as + 形容词原级+as. 如：He is as tall
4、as I.I have as many books as you. 越 越 例如：The more I learn, the happier I am. You can never be too careful. 越小心越好又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly. 你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。 I have never spent a more worrying day.那一天是最令我担心的一天。I have never had a better dinner.这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。 My English is no better th
5、an yours.我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。B 副词1、 副词的种类（1） 时间副词 如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow 等（2） 地点副词 如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside 等。（3） 方式副词 如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously 等。（4） 程度副词 如：almost, nearl
6、y, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very 等。2、 副词比较等级的用法其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.We must work harder.3、 某些副词在用法上的区别（1） already, yet, stillalready 表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet 表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still 表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：Weve already
7、 watched that film.I havent finished my homework yet.He still works until late every night.（2） too, as well, also, eithertoo, as well 和 also 用于肯定句和疑问句，too 和 as well 多用于口语，一般放在句末，而 also 多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。 either 用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.He didnt go there either.I like you as well.I al
8、so went there.(3) hard, hardlyhardly 意为几乎与 hard 在词义上完全不同。如：I work hard every day.I can hardly remember that.(4) late, latelylately 意为最近、近来，late 意为晚、迟。如：He never comes late.Have you been to the museum lately?例 1 Toms father thinks he is already _ A high enough B tall enoughC enough high C enough tall
9、解析：该题正确答案是 B。修饰人高用 tall, 而建筑物的高用 high,并且enough 修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选 B。例 2 _ the worse I seem to be.A When I take more medicineB The more medicine I takeC Taking more of the medicineD More medicine taken解析：该题正确答案为 B。the+形容词比较级 + , the +形容词比较级+意为越，越。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。 例 3I havent been to London yet.I
10、havent been there _.A too B also C either D neither解析：该题正确答案为 C。A 和 B 都用于肯定句中。D-neither 本身意为否定 两者都不 ，而 C-either 则用于否定句中，意为也 。例 4 Mr Smith was _ moved at the news.A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply解析：该题正确答案为 B。A. deep 用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如 dig deep,而 B-deeply 则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为 deeply moved.另如 deeply
11、regret 等。而 D-quite 和 deeply 均为副词，不能互相修饰。（二） 介词I 要点1、介词和种类（1） 简单介词，常用的有 at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without 等。（2） 复合介词，如 by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系（1） 和动词的搭配，如 agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about 等。（2
12、） 和形容词的搭配，如 afraid of, angry with, different from, good at（3） 和名词的搭配，如 answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to 等.3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有 right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely 等少数几个副词。如：He came right after dinner.He lives directly opposite the school.4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例（1） at, o
13、n, in（表时间）表示时间点用 at,如 at four oclock, at midnight 等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用 at,如 at that time, at Christmas 等。指某天用 on, 如 on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用 on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst 等。指长于或短于一天的时段用 in,如 in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999 等。（2） between, am
14、ong（表位置）between 仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用 between, 如Im sitting between Tom and Alice.The village lies between three hills.among 用于三者或三者以上之间。如：He is the best among the students.（3） beside, besidesbeside 意为在旁边，而 besides 意为除之外。如：He sat beside me.What do you want besides this?（4）in the tree, on
15、the treein the tree 指动物或人在树上，而 on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上（5）on the way, in the way, by the way, in this wayon the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法（6）in the corner, at the cornerin the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外（7）in the morning, on the morningin the morning 是一般说法 on the
16、morning 特指某一天的早晨（8）by bus, on the busby bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车II 例题例 1 Do you know any other foreign language_ English?A except B but C beside D besides解析：A、B 两项 except 等于 but，意为 除了，C-beside 意为 在旁边，不符合题意。而 D-besides, 意为除了之外，还有。所以该题正确答案为 D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？例 2 He suddenly returned _ a rainy night.A on B at C in D du
