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1、计算机英语（第 4 版） 练习参考答案计算机英语（第 4 版） 练习参考答案 Unit One: Computer and Computer Science Unit One/Section A I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1.Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron 2.input; output 3.VLSI 4.workstations; mainframes 5.vacuum; transistors 6.instructions; software 7.digit
2、; eight; byte 8.microminiaturization; chip II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1.artificial intelligence 人工智能 2.paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器 3.optical computer 光计算机 4.neural network 神经网络 5.instruction set 指令集 6.parallel processing 并行处理 7.difference engine
3、 差分机 8.versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件 9.silicon substrate 硅衬底 10.vacuum tube 真空管 11.数据的存储与处理 the storage and handling of data 12.超大规模集成电路 very large-scale integrated circuit 13.中央处理器 central processing unit 14.个人计算机 personal computer 15.模拟计算机 analogue computer 16.数字计算机 digital computer 17.通用计算机 ge
4、neral-purpose computer 18.处理器芯片 processor chip 19.操作指令 operating instructions 20.输入设备 input device III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary: We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and
5、 produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the co
6、mputers speed, size, cost, and abilities. Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the earl
7、y 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of c
8、ircuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing. IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese: 计算机将变得更
9、加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。 语音识别的改进将使计算机的操作更加容易。 虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创建更好的 人机接口。 人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定 属性的分子的分子计算， 以及使用遗传基本单位 DNA（脱氧核糖核酸） 存储数据和执行 运算的计算。 这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论范 畴。 科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。 还有一些限制与即使最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。 Unit One/Section B I.Fill in the bl
10、anks with the information given in the text: 1.experimentation 2.interfacing 3.interdisciplinary 4.microprocessor II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1.artificial neural network 人工神经网络 puter architecture 计算机体系结构 3.robust computer program 健壮的计算机程序 4.h
11、uman-computer interface 人机接口 5.knowledge representation 知识表示 6.数值分析 numerical analysis 7.程序设计环境 programming environment 8.数据结构 data structure 9.存储和检索信息 store and retrieve information 10.虚拟现实 virtual reality Unit One/Section C I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1.output 2.su
12、percomputer 3.microcontroller 4.handheld; convergence II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1.Web page （万维）网页 2.touch screen 触摸屏，触屏 3.blade server 刀片服务器 4.removable storage device 移动（式）存储设备 5.声卡 sound card 6.存储服务器 storage server 7.便携式媒体播放器 portable med
13、ia player 8.硬盘 hard disk Unit Two: Computer Architecture Unit Two/Section A I Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1.input; output; storage 2.Basic Input/Output System 3.flatbed; hand-held 4.LCD-based 5.dot-matrix; inkjet 6.disk; memory 7.volatile 8.serial; parallel II.Translat
14、e the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1.function key 功能键，操作键，函数键 2.voice recognition module 语音识别模块 3.touch-sensitive region 触敏区 4.address bus 地址总线 5.flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪 6.dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机（针式打印机） 7.parallel connection 并行连接 8.cathode ray tube 阴极射线管 9.vide
15、o game 电子游戏 10.audio signal 音频信号 11.操作系统 operating system 12.液晶显示（器） LCD (liquid crystal display) 13.喷墨打印机 inkjet printer 14.数据总线 data bus 15.串行连接 serial connection 16.易失性存储器 volatile memory 17.激光打印机 laser printer 18.磁盘驱动器 disk drive 19.基本输入输出系统 BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) 20.视频显示器 video displa
16、y III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary: CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks, which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical discs use reflected light. On a CD- ROM disc, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy (高低不平的) areas (called “pits” ) on its bottom surface. The CD-ROM disc is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam of light on thes
