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1、2020年山东临沂实验学校高考模拟卷（十一）英 语（考试时间：100分钟 ）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AIndonesia has said the country wou
2、ld be removing its capital city, in part because its sinking into the Java Sea. Jakarta is one of the fastest sinking cities in the world, according to the World Economic Forum, due to rising sea levels and the over-extraction of groundwater. But it isnt the only city in trouble. Heres a look at som
3、e others that are also at risk.HoustonHouston has been sinking for decades and, like Jakarta, the over-extraction of groundwater is partly to blame.The Houston Chronicle reported that parts of Harris County, which contains Houston, have sunk between 10 and 12 feet (about 3 meters), since the 1920s,
4、according to data from the US Geological Survey. Areas have continued to fall as much as 2 inches per year, an amount that can quickly add up.Lawmakers have tried to address the issue, creating a special purpose district meant to regulate the withdrawal of groundwater in 1975. But the problem has pe
5、rsisted, with privately owned wells and water suppliers continuing to pull from aquifers (蓄水层).LagosThe city of Lagos sits on the coast of Nigeria, constructed partly on the mainland, partly on some nearby islands. Its also Africas most populous city. Its geography makes Lagos especially easily floo
6、ded, and the coastline has already been eroding. As sea levels rise due to global warming, the city is increasingly at risk.One study from 2012 revealed that, because Nigerias coastline is so low, a sea level rise of just 3 to 9 feet (about 1 to 3 meters) will have a catastrophic effect on the human
7、 activities in these regions.WashingtonWashington is one of the most important cities in the US and its also sinking. Research from 2015 showed that Americas capital will drop more than 6 inches (15 centimeters) in the next 100 years.But unlike Jakarta, Washingtons sinking has nothing to do with aqu
8、ifers or rising sea levels its actually because of an ice sheet from the last ice age. A mile-high ice sheet pushed land beneath the Chesapeake Bay upward. When the ice sheet melted, thousands of years ago, the land settled back down. The researchers now believe that the area is gradually sinking, a
9、 process that could last thousands of years.1. What is the common reason for the sinking between Houston and Jakarta?A. the soft landB. rising sea levelC. the eroding coastlineD. over-extraction of groundwater2. What does the writers attitude towards the result of Huston lawmakers addressing the sin
10、king problems?A. positiveB. indifferentC. unknownD. negative3. Which of the following sinking cities has a striking different reason with others?A. HoustonB. LagosC. WashingtonD. Jakarta【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了根据世界经济论坛的数据，由于海平面上升和地下水过度开采，雅加达是全球下沉速度最快的城市之一。但它并不是唯一陷入困境的城市，文章还说明了Houston、La
11、gos以及Washington三个城市下沉的原因。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Houston部分中Houston has been sinking for decades and, like Jakarta, the over-extraction of groundwater is partly to blame.可知，数十年来，休斯顿一直在下沉，与雅加达一样，地下水的过度开采也是部分原因。由此可知，休斯顿和雅加达之间下沉的共同原因是地下水过度开采。故选D。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据Houston部分中 But the problem has persisted, with private
12、ly owned wells and water suppliers continuing to pull from aquifers (蓄水层).可知，但问题依然存在，私人拥有的水井和供水商继续从含水层抽水。由此可推知，作者对休斯顿立法者解决下沉问题的结果持反对态度。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Washington部分中But unlike Jakarta, Washingtons sinking has nothing to do with aquifers or rising sea levels its actually because of an ice sheet from
13、 the last ice age.可知，但与雅加达不同的是，华盛顿的下沉与含水层或海平面上升没有任何关系事实上，这是由于上个冰河时代形成的冰原。由此可知，华盛顿的下沉原因与其他城市明显不同。故选C。BDaban town is famous for girls and windmills, while Loulan is a myth (神话) in the desert. Two thousand years ago, beside the beautiful Luobu Lake, there lay Loulan ancient city of the Silk Road. Busin
14、essmen from every country gathered here and there were lots of dancing parties. Everything shows that people in Loulan lived a rich life then.However, two thousand years later, this rich land suddenly disappeared from the map of China. It became an area covered with sand and dead tree trunks.Loulan
15、was first “discovered” by a Swedish man named Sven Hedin in 1900, and people from America, Britain, Japan and Sweden all set foot here. Then in the 1930s, a Chinese named Huang Wenbi came to Loulan for the first time. He visited and studied this area and found many relics that were beautifully and c
16、arefully made. It is recorded that the ancient city of Loulan was the capital of the Loulan Kingdom during the Han and Jin Dynasties, and covered an area of some 10,000 square kilometres. Inside the city, there are the ruins of government offices, temples and other old buildings. Outside the city there are some driedup rivers and much farmland. In the past century many
