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1、Lecture Thirteen,Translation of Attributive or as Sweet puts it, “Whatever is in general use in a language is, for that reason, grammatically, correct.” 大多数受过教育的人说话或写作时使用的英语就是正确的英语，或如斯威特所说：“凡是语言中广泛使用的说法（仅仅这一理由）都可以认为在语法上是正确的。” 2. No one will deny that what we have been able to do in the past five yea
2、rs is especially striking in view of the crisis which we inherited from the previous government. 考虑到上届政府遗留下来的危机， 我们在过去5年里所能取得的成绩尤为显著，这是没人可否认的。,I. Review and comments on the assignments,5.There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the su
3、rface, or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation. 很久以来， 海员中有一种迷信， 认为海豚会把快死的人推到水面把他们救起， 或者在溺水人周围形成防御队形， 保护他们不受鲨鱼伤害。 6.My brother is not what he used to be. 我弟弟不是他从前的那个样子了。（我弟弟变了。） 7.What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. 过去认为不可能的事现在变成了现实。,I. Review
4、 and comments on the assignments,8.It isnt much whether he works , the question is whether he works at all. 他干多少并不重要， 问题是他到底有没有干。 9.This is how they were defeated. 他们就是这样给打败的。 10. I wonder not whether we shall be in time for the last bus but whether well be able to get front seats. 我知道我们赶上最后一班公共汽车是没
5、有问题的，但不 知能否有靠前的座位。,I. Review and comments on the assignments,In his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks ar
6、ound bewildered. All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?” she asks. Hes astonished she cant see them. “Where! Why everywhere,” he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him
7、as if they were already constructed and finished.,I. Review and comments on the assignments,在其经典小说开拓者中，詹姆士库伯让主人公，一个土地开发商，带他的表妹参观正在由他承建的一座城市。,他描述了宽阔的街道，林立的房屋，热闹的都市。,他的表妹环顾四周，大惑不解。,她所看见的只是一片树林。,“你想让我看的那些美景和改造了的地方在拿儿？”她问道。,他见表妹看不见那些东西，感到很惊讶。,“哪儿？到处都是啊！” 他答道。,虽然那些东西还未建成在大地上，但他已在心中将他们建好 了。对他来说，他们都是实实在在的，
8、宛如已建成竣工一样。,Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American i
9、s always becoming, never being.”,库伯这里阐明的是一种典型的美国人特性：着眼于未来，即能够从未来的角度看待现在；可以自由地不为过去所羁绊，而在情感上更多地依附于未来的事物。,正如阿尔伯特爱因斯坦曾经说过的那样：“对美国人来 说，生活总是在发展变化中， 从来不会静止不变。”,I. Review and comments on the assignments,1. The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下干活的人对他都怕得要死。 2. Pollution is a pressing
10、 problem which we must deal with. 污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。 3. This is the reason why I am not in favor of revising the plan. 这就是我不赞成修改计划的原因。,A. 译成前置定语(合译法),II. Translation of Attributive Clauses,4. “How could a great paper like the Washington Post, full of brilliant editors, get so involved in its own conc
11、eit and arrogance to pursue a story which its own staff was saying was fabricated from the beginning?” 像华盛顿邮报这样一家拥有许多出色编辑的大报， 为何自以为是和高傲自大到如此地步， 竟然追求一篇连自己的编辑人员从一开始也认为是虚构的报道？”,A. 译成前置定语(合译法),II. Translation of Attributive Clauses,5. When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all
12、 about eating and sleeping. 他常常聚精会神地做工作， 这时他会废寝忘食。 The sun , which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor. 那个整天躲在云层里的太阳， 现在又光芒四射地露面了。 7. But Miggles laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence. 但密格尔的富有感染力的笑声打破了寂静。 8. He wrote a book, which is about economics. 他写了一本经济学方面的书。,II.
13、Translation of Attributive Clauses,A. 译成前置定语(合译法),9. July and August are the months when the weather is hot. 七八月是天气很热的月份。 10In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all. 在存放电子计算机的房间，不能有一点灰尘。 11. I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as
14、 I can for the people. 我要充分利用我剩下的岁月，尽量为人民多做些事情。 12. A car which is in motion has kinetic energy. 正在开动的车子具有动能。,II. Translation of Attributive Clauses,A. 译成前置定语(合译法),1 A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一种物质， 在适当温度下能燃烧并放出热量。 2 Newton invented a paper
15、lantern illuminated by a candle which he carried with him to light his way to school on dark winter morning. 牛顿发明了一只蜡烛的纸灯笼， 在昏暗的冬天早晨上学时带着灯笼照路。 3We will put off the outing until next week, when we wont be so busy. 我们把郊游推迟到下星期， 到那时我们不会这么忙了。,B. 译成并列分句（分译法）,II. Translation of Attributive Clauses,4In pow
16、er stations, coal or oil is burned and changed into electricity, which is then sent over to homes and factories. 在发电站里， 煤和油燃烧变成电， 然后电沿着导线输送到住家和工厂。 5She was not unconscious, as could be judged from her eyes. 她没有失去知觉， 这从她的眼睛可以看出来。,B. 译成并列分句（分译法）,II. Translation of Attributive Clauses,6 Nearly everyone knows the story of “the dog that worried the cat that caught the rat that ate the grain that lay in the house that Jack built.” 几乎人人都知道这个故事：“ 杰克盖了房， 房里堆了粮， 耗子把粮吃
