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1、Grammar,Part 6,过去分词作定语和表语,一、过去分词作定语 观察 仔细观察下列几组句子中过去分词的用法, 然后加以总结。 1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 3. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce wi
2、th certainty that polluted water carried the virus. 4. Is there anyone injured?,1. 过去分词作定语时, 表示动作在_ _之前发生, 已经完成并往往具有_的意思(见例句3)。此时, 作定语的过去分词一般是由 _动词变来的, 因为只有此类动词才有被动意义。,总 结,及物,被动,一、 过去分词作定语,1.前置定语,归纳1： 单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词_。,之前,单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的 前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰 词的后面。,English is a widely used l
3、anguage.,This is one of the schools built in 1980.,3. 过去分词作定语,位置,a picture painted by Leonardo da Vinci,a woman dressed in white,2. 过去分词短语作定语：通常_， 其作用相当于定语从句。,1) Its a picture _ _ painted by Leonardo da Vinci,2) There was a woman _ _ dressed in white,that/which was,that/who was,后置,单个过去分词修饰 something
4、, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等不定代词时，也要放在这些词后面。,Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him., The injured boy can not take part in the sports meet.,All books which were borrowed from the library should be returned by Friday.,The boy who is injured can not take part
5、in the sports meet., All books borrowed from the library should be returned by Friday.,位于系动词后，不表示“被动”或“完成”，而是表示主语的状态、特点或思想感情等。相当于形容词,1.They are excited. 2.He looked worried after reading the letter. 3.When we heard of this, we were deeply moved.,二. 过去分词作表语,系动词的分类：,“似乎类”：,“感觉类”：,“变成类”：,“仍然类”：,基本形式：,B
6、e( am, is, are),seem, appear, look,feel, sound, smell, taste,become, go, get, grow, fall, turn,remain, stay, keep,4. 过去分词作表语,1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。,2.被动语态的过去分词被动意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。, The glass was broken. The glass was broken by Tom., The windows are closed. The windows are
7、 closed by Jack.,状态,动作,动作,状态,辨析:,过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别： 前者表示主语的状态和特征, 可被very修饰; 而后者则表示动作, 不能被程度副词very修饰。试比较： Miss Green was very pleased with the dish which was cooked by herself. (was very pleased)是系表结构; 而was cooked是被动语态, 表动作, 不能把very放在cooked之前。,过去分词作表语与动词-ing作表语的区别： 过去分词作表语, 表示被动或完成, 有时表示主语(人)所处的心理状态; 而
8、动词 -ing作表语, 表示主动或进行。如： Mr.Smith was very tired of the speech that was boring.,辨析:,同步作业,一、单句填空 1. With the governments aid, those _ (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. 2. The trees _ (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.,blown,affected,3. There was nobody _
9、(injury). 4. Most of the artists _ (invite) to the party were from Shanghai. 5. Global warming, once a distant threat, is becoming a _ reality and people in some parts of the world are really _(frighten).,frightened,injured,invited,frightening,6. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to get
10、_ (change) before the party. 7. I had to borrow a pen from Jack, for mine was _ (lose).,lost,changed,8. They are cleaning the _ (fall) leaves in the yard. 9. He felt very _ when he heard the _ result. (disappoint) 10. She remained _ (marry) all her life and lived a lonely life.,unmarried,fallen,disa
11、ppointed,disappointing,二、语篇填空用 There is no doubt that the 21st century will be marked by a burst of new science and technology such as cloning(克隆)and the Internet fills our heart with delight as well as awe. Future development of science and technology will bring us with both benefits and problems.,
12、1 _(be) sure, we human beings will enjoy the fruit of 2 _(advance) science and technology.3 _ (consider)the case of cloning.,解析：1. to be sure 诚然。 解析：2. 过去分词advanced当前置定语, “先进的”。 解析：3. 此处应构成一个祈使句, 引出下文, 故填动词原形。,To be,advanced,Consider,It opens many 4 _ (excite) possibilities, from saving 5 _ (endanger) animal species to 6 _ (produce)organs for transplant patients.,解析: 4. 现在分词exciting修饰事物, “令人激动的”。 解析: 5. animal species与endanger构成被动关系, 故用过去分词作定语, “濒临灭绝的”。 解析: 6. from.to结构中的to是介词, 故填动名词形式作宾语。,exciting,endangered,producing,Thank you !,
