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1、 硕士学位论文基于SWMM模型的海绵城市雨洪模拟研究-以长沙市望城区为例 摘 要随着我国城镇化进程不断加快，城市下垫面的不透水面积增大，城市内涝、水资源短缺、雨水资源流失、水生态恶化等问题日益凸显，以快排为主的传统雨洪管理模式难以继持。为此，我国从2014年开始以国家海绵城市试点城市为支点在全国范围内全面的推进海绵城市建设，长沙市在海绵城市建设中取得了重要成就，本文以长沙市望城工业园区为研究对象对其雨洪模拟进行研究。本文在对国内外常用的雨洪模型SWMM模型的工作原理进行介绍，并对其组成、理论基础进行阐述。然后，构建以长沙市望城区某工业园区为研究区域的SWMM模型，将研究区域的实测降雨数据导入模
2、型，模拟自然状态下、开发状态等方面，两个重现期、雨型对雨水径流效应的影响。通过对长沙市望城工业园在未开发状态和常规开发两种状态下，采用Keifei&Chu雨型降雨和实测降雨进行模拟。主要模拟其径流总量和峰值流量变化情况，模拟发现未开发状态下产生的径流总量和径流峰值比常规开发状态下产生的要小，且常规开发状态下径流流量变化幅度较大；未开发状态下雨水径流总量和径流峰值随着重现期的增大而增大；径流流量峰值出现延迟，主要原因是未开发状态下的土壤渗透性强并且地面自然枯枝落叶及植物的滞留和截留雨水作用。通过采用重现期1年一遇、3年一遇、5年一遇、10年一遇、20年一遇、50年一遇对常规开发状态下不同重现期对
3、雨水面源污染负荷的影响，重现期对污染物径流的影响较小，而污染物径流主要受降雨强度影响。初期降雨强度越大，冲刷能力越强，所产生的污染物浓度越大。通过采用非均匀雨型和均匀雨型两种降雨类型进行模拟，模拟发现非均匀雨型下产生的径流总量和径流峰值是均匀雨型下产生的2倍多，故均匀雨型不适合作为工程实际中降雨的设计雨型，而应该采用典型实际降雨雨型；均匀雨型产生的污染物SS、COD、TN、TP径流总量比非均匀雨型产生的污染物的总量要少。在基于以上模拟的基础上，对长沙市望城工业园区海绵城市技术措施进行适应性分析，并构建了长沙市望城工业园区海绵城市的技术适应性体系，通过SWMM对构建海绵城市技术措施的长沙市望城工
4、业园区进行模拟，结果显示，改造后望城工业园区从P=0.65a到 P=50a，系统峰值径流量下降率均在70%以上；系统峰值出流量下降比例均在50%以上，最高达82.19%；管段超载数量和节点溢流容积也大幅下降。因此长沙市望城工业园区通过海绵城市建设，能极的改善场地应水文环境，减轻下游防洪排涝压力，建设雨水径流面源污染，实现雨水径流的滞蓄、净化、缓释。关键词：SWMM；海绵城市；城市内涝；径流效应AbstractTheimpermeableareaoftheunderlyingsurfaceofthecitygraduallyincreases withtherapiddevelopmentofs
5、ocialeconomyandtheacceleratingprocessofurbanization, resulting in increasingly prominent problems such as urban waterlogging, water shortage, loss of rainwater resources, and deterioration of water ecology. Therefore, the traditional stormwater management mode based on rapid drainage is difficult to
6、 sustain. In this context, the concept of sponge city was put forward in China, and the infiltration rate of ground rainwater reduced from 70% to 30%. Aiming at the above problems, this paper explored and studied the construction ways of sponge city.First, based on the functional types of sponge tec
7、hnical measures and their influencing factors, this paper analyzes the topography, soil geology, and rainfall in Wangcheng District, Changsha City. The paper introduces the working principle of the SWMM model, which is commonly used at home and abroad, and explain its composition and theoretical bas
8、is.Then, a SWMM model was constructed with an industrial park in Wangcheng district of Changsha city as the study area, and the measured rainfall data in the study area were imported into the model to simulate the influence of development status, recurrence period and rainfall pattern on the rainwat
9、er runoff effect. The research results are as follows:(1) The rainwater runoff coefficient in the study area increases with the increase of the topographic slope; In the study area, whether in Keifei&Chu rain rainfall or measured rainfall, the total amount and peak amount of runoff in the undevelope
10、d state were smaller than that in the conventional development state, and the variation range of runoff flow in the conventional development state was larger.(2) In the undeveloped state, the total amount of rainwater runoff and the peak value of runoff increase with the increase of the recurrence p
11、eriod; The peak runoff rate was delayed mainly because of the soil permeability, the retention, rainwater interception of natural ground litter and plants.(3) The re-emergence period has little impact on pollutant runoff, which is mainly affected by rainfall intensity. The higher the initial rainfal
12、l intensity, the stronger the scour ability and the higher the pollutant concentration.(4) The total amount of runoff and the peak value of runoff generated under the non-uniform rain pattern are more than twice that under the uniform rain pattern, so the uniform rain pattern is not suitable for the
13、 design rain pattern of the actual rainfall in the project, but the typical actual rain pattern should be adopted. The total amount of pollutants SS, COD, TN and TP runoff produced by uniform rainfall were less than that produced by non-uniform rainfall.(5) According to the simulation results of the
14、 current situation of the research area and the analysis of the suitability of sponge measures in the demonstration area, the design and reconstruction of sponge measures in the research area were simulated. The results showed that the decrease rate of the peak runoff of the system in Wangcheng Indu
15、strial Park after the transformation from P=0.65a to P=50a is over 70%. The decrease rate of the peak flow of the system was above 50%, up to 82.19%. The number of overloads and the overflow volume of nodes also decreased significantly.Finally, combined with the above research results and the analys
16、is of the basic hydrological status of Wangcheng industrial park in Changsha city, the runoff effect analysis under different hydrological conditions was simulated by SWMM model to verify the analysis effect, providing guidance and technical support for sponge city construction.Keywords: SWMM; Sponge city; Urban waterlogging; The runoff effect目录摘 要IAbstractII第1章 绪 论11.1 研究背景及意
