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1、单元语法聚焦(五),被动语态(一) 1概念：英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫做主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，叫做被动语态。 2被动语态的基本构成是“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与其作为连系动词时的变化完全一样。一般现在时的被动语态构成为：主语am/is/are及物动词的过去分词。,3一般现在时的被动语态的句式变化： (1)肯定：主语am/is/are及物动词的过去分词。eg：Cars are made by them.汽车是由他们制造的。 (2)否定：主语am/is/arenot及物动词的过去分词。eg：Cars are
2、not made by them.汽车不是由他们制造的。 (3)一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are主语及物动词的过去分词？eg：Are cars made by them？汽车是由他们制造的吗？,4被动语态的用法： (1)在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下，可用被动语态。eg：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。 (2)要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。eg：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。,5主、被动语态的转换： 主动语态：主语及物动词宾语(其他)。 被动语态：主语be及物动词过去分词by宾语(其他)。 【
3、注意】主动、被动互相转换时，时态不变。主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动句by的宾语时，要用宾格形式。,一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。 1We all know that English _(speak) all over the world. 2What _ this kind of food _ (call) in Japanese? 3Many trees _ (plant) in my hometown every year. 4Rice _ (not grow) in winter in the north. 5Both English and French _ (spea
4、k) in Canada.,is spoken,is,called,are planted,isnt grown,are spoken,二、单项选择。 ( )6.Children should _ to be honest from a young age.(2016青岛) Aeducate Bbe educated Cpunish Dbe punished ( )7.More chances _ for students to learn from each other if working in groups.(2016泰安) Aprovide Bare provided Cprovide
5、d Dwill provide,B,B,( )8.Rice _ by hand in many countries，such as China and India.(2016吉林) Agrows BgrewCis grown ( )9.Students do less homework now.Usually it _ before 9 oclock in the evening.(2016重庆) Afinishes BFinished Cis finished Dwas finished ( )10.Now many smart phones _ in many ways in our da
6、ily life.(2016长沙) Aare used Bis used Care using,C,C,A,三、按要求完成句子。 11Three quarters of the books are written in English.(改为一般疑问句) _ three quarters of the books _ in English? 12Is tea grown in the southeast of China？(改为主动语态) _ they _tea in the southeast of China?,Are,written,Do,grow,13I am given a birthday present by my parents every year.(改为同义句) A birthday present _by my parents every year. 14Those trees are watered carefully.(改为否定句) Those trees _ carefully. 15Where does he plant trees in spring？(改为被动语态) Where _ in spring by him?,is given to me,arent watered,are trees planted,
