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1、新概念英语 第一册（Lesson 15）学习笔记一.课文内容及译文Lesson 15 Your passports, please.请出示你们的护照。CUSTOMS OFFICER:Are you Swedish?GIRLS:No, we are not. We are Danish.CUSTOMS OFFICER:Are your friends Danish, too?GIRLS:No, they arent. They are Norwegian.CUSTOMS OFFICER:Your passports, please.GIRLS:Here they are.CUSTOMS OFFI
2、CER:Are these your cases?GIRLS:No, they arent.GIRLS:Our cases are brown. Here they are.CUSTOMS OFFICER:Are you tourists?GIRLS:Yes, we are.CUSTOMS OFFICER:Are your friends tourists too?GIRLS:Yes, they are.CUSTOMS OFFICER:Thats fine.GIRLS:Thank you very much.参考译文海关官员：你们是瑞典人吗？姑 娘 们：不，我们不是瑞典人。我们是丹麦人。海关官
3、员：你们的朋友也是丹麦人吗？姑 娘 们：不，他们不是丹麦人。他们是挪威人。海关官员：请出示们的护照。姑 娘 们：给您。海关官员：这些是你们的箱子吗？姑 娘 们：不，不是。姑 娘 们：我们的箱子是棕色的。在这儿呢。海关官员：你们是来旅游的吗？姑 娘 们：是的，我们是来旅游的。海关官员：你们的朋友也是来旅游的吗？姑 娘 们：是的，他们也是。海关官员：好了。姑 娘 们：非常感谢。二.单词及短语customs n. 海关officer n. 官员girl n. 女孩，姑娘Danish adj.& n. 丹麦人friend n. 朋友Norwegian adj.& n. 挪威人passport n. 护
4、照brown adj. 棕色的tourist n. 旅游者三.课文解析1.Are you Swedish?一般疑问句，倒装形式，be动词提前，声调朗读。陈述句为：You are Swedish.2.We are Danish引申：Denmark 丹麦国3.No ,we are not.No，we are not=No,we arent 类似的还有后面的No ,they are not=No,they arent4.They are Norwegian引申为：Norway 挪威国5.Your passports,please.例如：Your ID card,please.Your boardin
5、g card,please.6.Are there your cases?单数是 this 这是，复数是these 这些，cases 是case的复数形式7.Here they are.这里可以有两种解释：（1）他们到了（2）表示将要物品传递、展示给他人：他们在这里。例如：Here it is / Here we are8.Thats fine.意思上和Its ok 相近，表示“好了，没有关系了。”四.语法要点1.be 动词一般现在时（1）按照人称变化而变化be 动词可以翻译成中文的“是”后面接表语、形容词、名词，表示“什么是什么。”例如：Im Dennis ./Im not Dennis.I
6、m Chinese.Im from China.（2）人称代词与对应的be 动词形式I am =Im 我是you are=youre 你是he is=hes 他是she is =shes 她是it is =its 它是we are =were 我们是you are =youre 你们是they are =theyre 他们是2.可数名词可以分为单数形式和复数形式单数形式：a book an apple复数形式：some books 5 apples（1）.在单词词尾直接加sAn officer 2 officers（2）以“ s,x,sh,ch”结尾的单数名词变复数时，词尾加esbusbuse
7、s dress dressesbox boxesfox church watch match（3）以元音字母加y结尾的单数名词变复数，在词尾直接加sboy boys toy toys（4）以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，名词变复数时，变y为i+esFly flies baby babiescountry countries（5）以f或fe结尾的名词单数变复数时，变f或fe为v加eswife wives knife knives（6）以o结尾的单数名词变复数有两种形式，其一是直接在词尾加s，另一种是在词尾加es加es的口诀：黑人英雄在土豆地里吃西红柿和芒果negro negroes hero hero
8、espotato potatoes tomato tomatoesmangomangoes（7）不规则变化man men woman womensheep sheep child childrengoose geese tooth teethfoot feet附赠-although不能与but连用大家知道，英语不能将汉语“虽然但是”直译成 although / thoughbut，为什么呢？许多书都认为：这是英语的习惯用法。仅仅是因为习惯用法吗？这得从英语的句子类型说起。英语中的 although / though 为从属连词，用于引导让步状语从句；而but(但是)为并列连词，用以连接两个句子
9、使之成为并列句。假若在同一句中既用了从属连词 although / though，又用了并列连词 but，便使得句子一半像复合句，一半像并列句，从而导致句子句型混乱。正确的做法是，任意去掉 although / though 和 but 中的一个，使之要么成为复合句，要么成为并列句。如：虽然他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩儿而已，但赢得了头奖。误：Although he had only entered the contest for fun, but he won first prize.正：Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he
10、 won first prize.正：He had only entered the contest for fun, but he won first prize.虽然她没提到我的名字，但我明白她的话是为我好。误：Although she didnt mention me by name, but I know her remarks were intended for my benefit.正：Although she didnt mention me by name, I know her remarks were intended for my benefit.正：She didnt
11、mention me by name, but I know her remarks were intended for my benefit.但是，我们是不是可以说although 永远不能与but连用呢？那也不一定。请看一例：But I didnt know that then, although I learned it later. 但我当时的确不知道此事，尽管后来我还是知道了。此句既用了并列连词 but，又用了从属连词 although，但它并未造成错误，原因是此句与上面所讨论的情形有所不同，即此句 but 用于 although 之前，but 在此仅起到与上文转折的作用，but 后
12、的 I didnt know that then, although I learned it later 仍为一个复合句。请再看一例：I tried doing the accounts, but although I knew some maths I found it very difficult. 我试着算这些账，但尽管我懂点数学，仍感到很困难。此句将 but 与 although 用在一起，但此句也没有错误。该句从总体来看，它是一个以并列连词 but 连接的并列句，而在该并列句的后面一句又是一个包含让步状语从句 although I knew some maths 的复合句这种句型就是所谓的并列复合句。此句也可改写为：I tried doing the accounts, but I found it very difficult although I knew some maths.至此，同学们应该弄清了为什么不能说 althoughbut，同时也明白了为什么可以说but although。最后顺便说一句，英语习惯上不能将汉语中的“因为所以”直译为 becauseso，其原因可参照以上解释。
