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1、 1 / 11第三讲 报告的介绍部分Lecture Three The Introduction of a ReportThe Introduction aims to provide the readers with the background to the report so that they are “switched on” and are ready to receive the details. The introduction normally consists of the following parts:The Background 背景The Objectives or
2、 Terms of Reference目标The Scope 范围The Source of Information 信息来源背景 The BackgroundThis is often the first section of the Introduction. It consists of a statement which gives information on one or more of the following:Date 日期Topic 题目Place 地点People or parties involved人物或相关人物These are then followed by a
3、 definition of the problem or the reason for writing the report. Example 3AOn 3 May 2003, a batch of electronic components was stolen from our warehouse in Silverwater. After investigation, the police identified a number of weak points in the security of our warehouse. 在 2003 年 5 月 3 日，我们银水库房的一组电子元件
4、被盗，经过调查，警方发现了我们在库房保安上存在的几点隐患。Example 3A can be analyzed as follows:Date: 3 May 2003 日期：2003 年 5 月 3 日Topic: Electronic components stolen 题目：电子元件被盗Place: Our warehouse in Silverwater 地点：我们在银水的库房People: The police 人物：警察Problem: Weak points in the security of our warehouse问题：我们在库房保安上的隐患 2 / 11Example 3
5、BAccording to the 2003 survey conducted by the Department of Community Services, it was found that the average retirement age in this country had increased to 57.5 years in 2002, an increase of 1.4% compared with the average of 6.7 years in 2001.根据社会服务部在 2003 年的调查，这个国家在 2002 年的平均退休年龄增长到 57.5 岁，与2001
6、 年的平均退休年龄 56.7 岁相比，提高了 1.4%。Exercise 3.1Analyze the Background statement in Example 3. 分析例 3B 的背景说明。Date （日期）：Topic （题目）：Place （地点）：People （人物）：Problem （问题）：涉及的目标 The Objectives or Terms of ReferenceThe Background is normally followed by an Objective or Purpose statement which identifies clearly the
7、 aims of the report. Such a statement is also known as the Terms of Reference. 在报告中，紧随背景介绍之后的，一般是目标。它们明确地指出了书写报告的原因。Example 3COn 3 May 2003, a batch of electronic components was stolen from our warehouse in Silverwater. After investigation, the police identified a number of weak points in the securi
8、ty of our warehouse. (Background)在 2003 年 5 月 3 日，我们银水库房的一组电子元件被盗，经过调查，警方发现了我们在库房保安上存在的几点隐患。This report examines ways of tackling the weak points and provides recommendations on upgrades. (Objectives)这个报告研究处理隐患的方法，提供改善保安系统的建议。 （目标）The Objective statement often begins with the phrase This report foll
9、owed by a main verb given in the present tense: e.g. This report + addresses/provides/examines/aims (t)这份报告 + 针对 /提交/研究 /目的是Example 3DThis report addresses four major problems.这份报告针对四个主要问题。 3 / 11Example 3EThis report provides recommendations on how the companys resources can best be managed. 这份报告提出
10、该公司如何最有效管理其资源的建议。Example 3FThis report examines the annual budget proposed by the Finance Committee.这份报告审核了财务委员会提出的年度预算。Example 3GThis report aims to:这份报告的目的是： demonstrate the harmful effects of gambling on teenagers说明青少年赌博的危害性 discourage teenagers from gambling劝阻青少年不要沉迷于赌博 suggest alternative leisu
11、re activities for teenagers建议青少年做一些有益身心的休闲活动 recommend how such activities can be implemented建议如何实施这些活动Sometimes the phrase This report can be replaced by phrases like The purpose of this report or The aim(s) of the report Then the main verb will have to be is/are. The purpose of this report is 这份报告
12、的目的是：The aim of this report is 这份报告的目标是：The aims of this report are 这份报告的各项目标为：Example 3HThe purpose of the report is to provide an analysis of the companys current financial situation. Example 3IThe aim of this report is to draw the Boards attention to major weaknesses in the communications network
13、 within our company.In some of the above examples, “infinitives” which consist of To + Verb such as to address, to investigate, to explore, to examine, to show, to suggest, etc are used. These phrases usually come immediately after the main verb. Their function is to bring out the objective or purpo
14、se in 4 / 11question. Exercise 3.2Write down the “infinitives” used in Examples 3C-3I. 写出示例 3C-3I 中使用过的不定式。下面的表格 3J 由两栏组成。第一栏的词组是关于报告的题目，第二栏的词组是关于报告的目标。Example 3JTopic （题目） Purpose （目标）1. Staff-management consultative scheme （职工管理的咨询方案）Identify flaws in the existing scheme and recommend a new scheme
15、 （确认现行方案中的漏洞和推荐一个新的方案）2. Laptop computers on the market （市场上的手提电脑）Recommend new computing equipment for field workers （为外勤职工推荐新的电脑设备）3. The trend of the US Dollar over the past six months （过去 6 个月的美元走势）Recommend strategies for foreign currency investment （为外汇投资推荐战略方案）4. Relative costs of leasing and
16、 purchasing laser printers （出租和购买激光打印机的成本比较）Establish the most cost-effective method （建立一个合理的成本效益模式）5. Staff smoking breaks （职工吸烟休息时间）Evaluate the frequency and duration of this practice （评估休息时间的次数和所需要的时间）6. Existing marketing strategies （现在的市场战略）Recommend improvements （提出改进意见）7. Terms and rates quoted by three insurance companies （三家保险公司列出的条件及报废）Assess the details and recommend the best quotation to the Board （评估细节，向董事会推荐最佳方案）8. Communication channels within th
