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1、香蕉主要病虫害防治Banana major pests and diseases control,香蕉主要生产地Top banana producing nations,香蕉是芭蕉科多年生的草本植物。香蕉原产于东南亚的热带地区，是世界鲜果贸易量最大的水果，目前至少有170个国家生产香蕉。 Banana is the perennial herbaceous plants of the family Musaceae. They are native to the tropical region of Southeast Asia. Bananas are grown in at least 1
2、07 countries and the worlds largest fresh fruit trade.,Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,中国香蕉分布图Banana distribution in China,TaiWan,GuangXi,YunNan,FuJiang,GuangDong,HaiNan,GuiZhou,SiChuang,香蕉病虫害研究现状Research on the banana pests and diseases,香蕉的病虫害严重制约着香蕉的生产与品质。目前，国内外至少有1
3、17种病原真菌引起香蕉83种真菌病害，14种线虫引起6种线虫病害，17种病原细菌引起13种细菌病害,6种(以上)病毒引起香蕉病毒病。此外，遗传性病害或生理病害或其它病害至少有22种，其中真菌病害占香蕉病害总数的约65。 Banana pests and diseases seriously threaten the banana production and quality. At present, there are at least 117 species pathogens caused by 83 kinds of bananas fungal diseases, 14 species
4、 nematode worm caused by six kinds of nematode worm diseases, 17 species of pathogenic bacteria caused by 13 kinds of bacterial diseases, and 6 (or above) species virus caused by bananas virus disease in the word. In addition, hereditary diseases or physical disease or other diseases have at least 2
5、2 kinds, and fungal diseases of bananas accounted for about 65% of the total disease. 我国大约有31种真菌病害、5种线虫病害、2种细菌病害、2或(3)种病毒病害，真菌病害占到了香蕉病害总数的约80。 In China, there are some 31 species of fungi diseases, five kinds of nematode disease, two kinds of bacterial diseases, and 2 or 3 types of virus diseases. T
6、he fungal diseases of bananas account for about 80% of the total number of diseases.,主要病虫害Major pests and diseases,症状常见于中下层蕉叶发病。病斑深褐色，初期病斑在叶面或叶片中肋部呈不规则点状斑，后病斑融合成斑块，呈污褐色，潮湿时病斑表面产生深褐色霉状物。发病严重时，蕉叶早衰，干枯，失去光合作用。 Symptoms The coal and grain disease symptoms commonly happen in the middle and lower incidenc
7、e of banana leaves. The spots are dark brown lesion. the initial lesion in the leaf or leaf ribs are irregular punctate spots, after integrate into the dirty brown plaque lesion. Under the moist environment, the dark brown mildew of fungi secretion appeared on the lesion surface. Incidence of seriou
8、s, Banana Leaf will premature aging, dry, and loss of photosynthesis。 病原菌该病病原菌 为半知菌亚门，长蠕孢属真菌。 Pathogen This disease pathogen belongs to Helmin thosporium toalosum（syd.）Ashby , Fungi imperfecti.,煤纹病 Coal and grain disease,发生与为害 该病在日平均气温25以下，相对湿度80%以上，早春发生较严重，夏季日平均27以上的高温季节则受到抑制。多在香蕉中下层叶片染病。在潮湿环境下产生大量
9、的分生孢子，并靠风雨传播重复感染叶片。 occurrence and damage This disease happen in the daily average temperature below 25 and relative humidity above 80%, and more serious occurred in early spring. When summer daily average temperatures above 27 , it was suppressed. This disease infect more in the middle and lower le
10、aves of infected banana. In the humid environment, the fungi produce a large number of conidia, and repeated infections spread by wind and rain. 防治方法 1. 加强栽培管理, 增加施用有机肥和钾肥; 采取滴灌，降低蕉园湿度, 提高香蕉植株的抗病力。 2. 清洁蕉园卫生。清除蕉园的病枯叶和落地病残叶并烧毁，减少病原物。 3. 药剂防治。 发病初期可用龙灯福连1000倍；25%敌力脱乳油1000倍液；70%甲基托布津WP 加 25%三唑酮可湿性粉剂100
11、0倍液；或40%灭病威悬浮剂500倍液；或30%氧氯化铜悬浮剂300倍液进行轮换喷雾，隔10天喷一次，连喷施2-3次。 Control methods Strengthening cultivation and management, increasing application of organic fertilizer and potash, adopting dripping irrigation to reduce humidity, and improving the banana plant disease resistance. Cleaning banana plantatio
12、ns in health. Cleared dead leaves and banana groves of the disease fall sick leaves and burned to reduce the pathogen. Chemical control. The early stages, we can use fungicides such as Rotam premix of Tebuconazole+Carbendazim 30%SC 1000X, Tilt 25%EC 1000X, TOPSIN-M 75%WP 500X+Triadimefon 25%WP 500X
13、, premix of carbendazim + sulfur 40%SC or copper oxychloride 30%SC 300X to spray, spray every 10 days, and spraying 2-3 times.,香蕉黄斑病Banana-related macular disease (Yellow Sigatoka),症状 此病多由老叶片先发病。逐渐向上部叶片蔓延。初期在叶面或叶背产生与叶脉平行的浅褐色条纹或近梭形的褐色小斑，扩大后形成长椭圆形或长条形病斑，严重时病斑愈合成片斑，暗褐色至黑褐色，外围有黄晕。叶片迅速早衰，局部或全叶黄化枯死，条斑中央灰白
14、色，潮湿时着生稀疏的灰色霉状物。 Symptoms The disease incidence of more than the first by the old leaves. Gradual upward spread of the Ministry of leaves. Foliage, or arising in the early dorsal vein parallel with brownish stripes or near the spindle of the small brown spots, enlarged to form a long oval or long re
15、ctangular lesion, severe lesion healing into a film spot, dark brown to dark brown, surrounded by yellow halo. Leaves rapidly premature senility, in part or in whole leaf yellow dead, the central white stripe, wet, when the tilting of Health sparse gray mold. 病原菌 为半知菌亚门，香蕉尾孢菌。 Pathogen This disease
16、pathogen belongs to Cercospora musae Zimm, Fungi imperfecti.,发生与为害 该病子实体两面生，产生的分生孢子，靠风传播感染叶片，借助雨水，露水，在寄主叶面萌发，经气孔侵入，在叶细胞间扩展引起发病。病部再产生的分生孢子扩大传播蔓延。在多雨、多雾和重露时期，特别是台风暴雨季节发生最为严重。密植管理不善，排水不良的高湿蕉园及长势较弱的蕉园发病也较严重。香蕉类易感病，粉蕉、大蕉、较抗病。 Occurrence and damage The disease sporophores develop both sides of the leaf and produced the conidia. The conidia spread from the leafs by the wind, germinate and infect in the host under the rain and dew, and cause the disease in the leaf cell expansion
