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1、对有效阅读教学的 思考与实践 张继红 2015.7.23 寿光,义务教育阶段英语课程的总目标是： 通过英语学习使学生形成初步的综合语 言运用能力，促进心智发展，提高综合 人文素养。 综合语言运用能力的形成建立在语言 技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略 和文化意识等方面整体发展的基础之上。,有效阅读教学的核心就是教学的效益，即什么样的教学是有效的？所谓“有效”，主要是指通过教师在一段时间的阅读教学后，学生所获得的具体进步或发展。,课程目标,五级阅读标准描述 1.能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义。 2.能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。 3.能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节
2、的发展和可能的结局。 4.能读懂相应水平的常见体裁的读物。 5.能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。 6.能利用词典等工具书进行阅读。 7.课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。,阅读教学过程 文本解读 教学目标的制定,一、阅读教学过程,有效课堂教学过程的特点 Pre-learning: 明确目标，激发兴趣，调动已知，呈现必要语言知识准备； Learning：语言整体输入与分层输入，信息的提取，加工、整理及重组信息，新知识建构，内化知识为表达做准备； After learning：知识与技能的巩固，体现综合运用，反思学习过程，评价结果。,阅读教学过程 Pre-reading While
3、-reading Post-reading,阅读教学过程与主要活动,案例 1 外研版 八下 M7 lesson 2,Learn English in Los Angeles Come to learn English in Los Angeles! We can offer you great summer English courses. You will love coming to Los Angeles to learn about American culture and improve your English at the same time. (para. 1),The cou
4、rse last for four, six or eight weeks. They start at the end of July. Our teachers are well trained and have a lot of experience. They teach English classes for four hours a day. You can work in small or large groups: it depends on your personal choice. We provide books and we set tests every week t
5、o check your progress. There are also computers for personal study. (para. 2),As well as learning English, we want you to experience life in the US. You can stay as a guest with an American family and take part in their daily life. You will have meals with family and do some activities with them too
6、. For many of our students this is the best part of the course. Many families form close friendships with the students and stay in touch with them. But if you prefer, of course, you can stay in a hotel. (para. 3),There are many exciting things to do in Los Angeles. We plan activities every day after
7、 class. You can choose to take trips to Hollywood, Disneyland or San Francisco, or you can go shopping. (para. 4),You are certain to get the best possible experience of English learning and life in the US. You must pay for your course at least one month before it starts. Do not wait fill out our for
8、m and come to learn English in Los Angeles! (para. 5),活动一：观看video引发学生学习兴趣，导入主题。,读前话题导入,读中活动,读后活动,活动三：快速阅读，检测预测，获取文章主旨。,活动四：快速阅读，判断各段落大意，渗透结构意识。,活动六：再读，理清事实和观点语句，分析句子内涵。,活动五：细读，提取各段落细节信息，关注语言表达。,活动七：关注广告用语，启发学生正确看待广告宣传。,活动八：初步应用：运用所学语言进行简单观点表述。,作业：将观点写成文段。,案例1,活动二：讨论图片，激活已知语言，预测内容。,二、关注文本解读,对文本的解读过程就
9、是教师与文本之间的对话过程，教师通过充分阅读并理解文本意义和文本形式，抓住教学的重难点、挖掘文本的深层含义与教育价值。同时， 教师还要通过对文本特征和特点的分析确定文本形式与意义的联系，引导学生学会根据文本特征理解意义、把握语言和结构特点，并引导学生应用文本知识进行阅读和写作。,为什么要解读文本？,有效的教学必须基于有效的文本解读。而有效的文本解读一定是依据对文本的题材和体裁的分析。不同题材和体裁的文本决定了不同的文本教学形式和教学重点。教师要在文本解读中，把握主题、理清主线、抓住题眼，读懂、读透文本，让课堂少一点形式，多一份意义；少一点模仿，多一份创新，为有效教学奠定基础。,如何解读文本？,
10、把握好三个层次：写了什么(题材)？怎么写的(体裁)？为何而写(作者的价值取向和感情释放)？ 把握文本特征：关注标题、段落、插图、表格、不同字体等有利于把握文本的主旨大意。 挖掘文本主题意义：关注主题的背景知识，作者的态度、价值观取向等。 解读文本篇章结构：对文本体裁与结构的分析有助于教师把握住文本的主线，帮助学生熟悉文本的结构特征，降低理解难度，还有利于引导学生迁移到写作能力，增强作文的逻辑性和可读性。 分析文本语言：从教学和实践角度分析语言。,文本解读举例：Problems,取自原外研版初二下第五模块、第二单元。 阅读文本为两封信：第一封信主要讲述了Steve 在没有经过爸爸允许的情况下和同
11、学一起玩电脑 游戏，导致电脑中毒而无法工作，Steve不知如 何解决这个问题，向杂志社寻求帮助的故事。第 二封信，也就是回信，主要讲的是杂志社工作人 员Diana给Steve提出解决问题的建议并阐明了 这样做的原因。,Dear Diana, Last week, my friend Da Wei brought a new computer game and asked to play it on my fathers computer. But my father has warned me not to use his computer for playing games because
12、he uses it for his job. I can only use it for my homework. He thinks that if I play games on it, itll go wrong. Well, my dad was out, so we decided to try Da Weis game. We copied it onto the computer and when we finished, we took it off the computer. We made quite sure my father didnt notice anythin
13、g.,But when my dad used the computer last night, he was really angry. The computer wasnt working because it had a virus! But I didnt tell him about the computer game. Now I feel terrible. Its going to be expensive to mend it. Should I tell him about the computer game? Should I offer to pay? Yours, S
14、teve,Dear Steve, Oh dear! Youve made two mistakes. First, you used your dads computer when he told you not to. Second, you didnt tell him about the game. Yes, you must tell him immediately. If you tell him the truth, hell be angry with you, but at least youll prove how honest you are. Then I think y
15、ou should offer to pay. But you shouldnt use your pocket moneyafter all, your parents gave you that money. If you offer to do some jobs around the home, or maybe help him with his work, hell realise that youre truly sorry.Oh, and next time, play football with Da Wei! Best wishes,“My dad was out.”,“M
16、y friend Da Wei brought a new computer game.”,It was difficult to say no to a friend.,“My friend Da Wei brought a new computer game.”,Why did Steve agree to play the game?,“We took it off the computer. We made sure my father didnt notice anything.”,He thought his father wouldnt find out.,Agreed to play,Computer went wrong,Problem,The new computer game could be very interesting.,No one could stop him playing.,Agreed to play,?,Computer went wrong,Sho
