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1、近四年高考英语语法真题分类汇编：定语从句（2017-2020）一、2020年高考真题1. （2020江苏高考真题）Many lessons are now available online, from _ students can choose for free.A. whoseB. whichC. whenD. whom【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。2. （2020天津高考真题）Dr. Rowan,
2、_ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.A. whoseB. of whomC. of whichD. which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。_ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowans ”，表示“的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。5. （2020新课标卷高考真题）In ancient China lived
3、an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。22019年高考真题1.【2019江苏卷单项填空】21.We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代
4、，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。2.【2019天津卷单项填空】11.Their child is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行
5、词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。3.【2019新课标I卷短文改错】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【答案】One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。4.【2019新
6、课标II卷语法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，_62_she opened with her late husband Les.【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。5.【2019新课标III卷语法填空】They were well trained by their masters _64_had great experience with c
7、aring for these animals.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。6.【2019新课标III卷短文改错】In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselvesin the historical environment what is created for them.【答案】In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical envir
8、onment is created for them.【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故把what改为that/which。7.【2019浙江卷语法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _58_gives off light in the dark.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。8.【2019北京卷
9、语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than_8_they go.【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。9.【2019北京卷语法填空】The students benefitting most from college are those _9_are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.【答案】who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些
10、完全投入学术生活的学生。_3_are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。32018年高考真题1.【2018北京】5. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. which B. who C. as D. that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“_ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在
11、从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。2.【2018天津】2. Kae, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whom B. thatC. whose D. her【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳
12、大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词；2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。3.【2018江苏】23. Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. that B. whereC. which D
13、. when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。4.【2018新课标I卷语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five t
14、o 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause).【答案】that或which【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。4.【2018新课标I卷短文改错】They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selli
15、ng the fish.【答案】which改成in which或where【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。5.【2018新课标II卷语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _started_(start) a soil-testing program _69_gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】that或which【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。6.【2018新课标II卷语法填空】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much l
