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1、一、时态讲解：现在完成时（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。否定式疑问式I have not (havent) studied.Have I studied?You have not (havent) studied.Have you studied?He has not (hasnt) studied.Has he studied?否定疑问式简单回
2、答（肯定/否定）Have I not (Havent I) studied?Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not (Havent you) studied?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he not (Hasnt he) studied?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.（2）用法：1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 Im sur
3、e weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet等。如：残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。 I havent heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
4、She has been with us since Monday.注意：a) since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Aust
5、ralia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。5. India has been an independent country _1974.厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴。8. Mike has been i
6、ll _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦。 He has come here for 2 weeks. The old man has died
7、 for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句话可以改为：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has _ _ for 4 months.They have _ _ only for 5 minutes2）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较：铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡。Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回
8、来了）Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）.3）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, tw
9、ice, ever, never等连用。例如：擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷。She has already come. 她已经来了。I havent read it yet. 我还没读过这个。I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。They have never been to Yanan. 他们从未去过延安。I havent seen him lately. 我近来
10、没看到他。Irregular VerbsBase FormPast FormPast Participlebearborebornbeatbeatbeatenbecomebecamebecomeblowblewblownbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosencomecamecomedodiddonedrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallenfindfoundfoundflyflewflowngetg
11、otgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhavehadhadhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademadeputputputreadreadreadrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseensellsoldsoldsendsentsentsingsangsungsinksank/sunksunktaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtwritewrotewroteam, iswasbeenarewerebeenExercise:I. F
12、ill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚。2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘。4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄。5. I _ (work) he
13、re since I _ (move) here in 1999.綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴。6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦。7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑。8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔。9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If
14、 it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛。12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶。13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅。15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? 识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒。1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5.
