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1、 初高中英语衔接专题一：名词考点集汇，讲解和训练一、名词的数1单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。（2）以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：busbuses，classclassesboxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。 （3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orangeoranges。（4
2、）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boyboys, daydays。聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos。残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。
3、（6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法情况 读法 例词 在ptkf等清辅音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在sztd3F等音后 iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在bdgv等浊辅音后 z beds, dogs, cities, knives （7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，f
4、ootfeet，childchildren，mousemice。彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：menworkers， women teachers。謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價
5、骚。（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如 an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴。（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths游戏名称：bowls专有名词：the United States, N
6、iagara Falls其他名词：news, falls籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。2不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量的概念”，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass？I dont like winter because theres too much snow and i
7、ce渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦。（2）用a piece of 这类定语，例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea 铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡。a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷。不可
8、数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。二、名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是s，例如：a students room, students rooms, fathers shoes。贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s，例如：a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，a boats len
9、gth，two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚。4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘。5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表示“分别有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Toms and Marys bike
10、s（两人各自的自行车）。買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄。两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Marys mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴。【演练】1- Where have you been, Tim?- Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening me
11、al is called supper.驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦。A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑。A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔。4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ?構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛。- Certainly.A. some bottl
12、es of waters B. some bottles of water輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶。C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅。5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒。A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear6There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears7In England, the last name is the _
13、.A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴。8They are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans9The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦。10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. te
14、eths11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫。- But I think we should let _ go out first.硕癘鄴颃诌攆檸攜驤蔹。A. woman and children B. women and childC. woman and child D. women and children13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.阌擻輳嬪諫迁择楨秘騖。- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A.
