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1、.,1,学习方法与策略,在阅读过程中、从书本例句中、从对话中看、听到地道、标准、典型、或优美的句子摘抄下来。 将每一个摘抄的句子分别记在不同卡片或纸条上随身携带。 随时取出尽量做到大声、快速、清晰地读几遍。 .经常回忆所记的句子。,.,2,几点意见或建议,Listen to yourself（听自己）.如果你不能听出你自己的发音问题，就很难去改正它。试着把你的朗读或演说录下来，并与以英语为母语的外国人士做个比较。 Slowdown（慢下来）.很多英语学习者说话都求快，其实快不见得就说得好，说得越快毛病越不容易改掉。每天练习一点点，从声调到单词再到句子，慢慢来，急不得。 Pictureit（画图
2、）.闭上眼睛，在说话之前想想如何发这个音，想想嘴巴和脸的定位。 Copy the experts（模仿专家）.英语为母语的人士是最好的老师。所以，注意听英语广播或英语电影、电视节目，听他们的发音，还要注意看他们的口形。不要看字幕，模仿你听到的声音，即使你不确定他们在说什么。,.,3,Practice(练习）.发音有问题是难免的，因此很多人会害怕说错而不开口。没关系，多练习就好了，不要害羞。 Find a partner(找伙伴）.从别人那里得到反馈是很重要的。找个也对提高英语水平感兴趣的伙伴，互相鼓励，互相比赛，多对话。 Be poetic(充满诗意）.大声地念诗、演讲，专注在字的重音和音调。
3、因为，诗歌通常都是琅琅上口，有节奏感的，多多练习有助于提高英语水平。发音准了，语调对了，语感慢慢出来了，这对记忆单词和交流都有好处。 Sing a song(唱歌）.听热门英文歌曲并跟唱。唱歌可以以轻松的心情学习和使用单词，也可以帮助你学习节奏和语调，是寓教于乐的好方法。,.,4,中英文化差异,在英语文化中“ You and I are equal”(你我平等), 在汉语文化中“ 自卑而尊人, 贬已而尊人”。一位中国教师邀请美国教师说:I just got married, and my wife and I would like you to come to our house for di
4、nner.美国教师答:Thats wonderful! Congratulations! Thank you , Id love to, Im looking forward to meeting your wife.”中国教师听了美国教师的回答立即解释道:She is not beautiful, and she cant cook very well, but I hope youll come.美国教师听了很不愉快, 心想为什么他要向另一位女性抱怨他的妻子, 为什么他设法跟我拉关系呢?其实中国教师心中并无此意, 只是一种谦虚而已。在英语文化中, 过分谦虚会引起误解, 造成交际障碍。,.,
5、5,英语文化崇尚“ people as individuals”,强调个人利益和自身价值。汉语民族人跟英语民族人相处时,常问许多个人间题, 英美人认为这是对他们私事的干涉, 是不友好的表现。对我们汉民族人来说, 问个人问题显示出对他人的兴趣和关心, 关系显得和睦。一般来说, 不要问英语民族人工资、宗教、党派、婚姻、年龄等情况 。,.,6,精听：,精听的目的是系统学习语音、积累小词习语、句型表达和背景,可采用下面两种方式： 一是模仿法：精听一段文字，然后参考听力原文，跟读模仿到语音、语调分毫不差，甚至录下自己的发音和原音比较，逐段纠正语音、语调。 二是听抄法：又称四遍法，第一遍听大义；第二遍利用
6、复读机或软件尽量听写出每句话，但不要参考听力原文；第三遍和听力原文比对，找出听不懂的原因；第四遍翻译或者背诵。,.,7,精听后务必趁热打铁，总结知识点：语音强调三点，一是建立单词正确的“听觉形象”；二是熟悉连读和失爆等变音现象，它们本质上是人们讲英语语速快时为了方便发音的自然结果，却造成我们分辨词语的困难；三是注意重读和语调，它们传递着超出词句本身含义的内容。小词习语强调小词搭配，比如多如牛毛的含get的短语，如同汉字中越是简单的字越难写得漂亮一样，小词搭配经常造成理解障碍。而句型表达和背景学习重在吃透听力原文，以阅读促听力。 精听要求注意力高度集中，必须净化练习环境，否则容易养成三心二意的习
7、惯，但精听比精读更容易疲劳，时间不宜过长，各类英语考试的时间都在30分钟左右，所以练习也以这个长度为宜。,.,8,泛听：,泛听目的有二：一是练习捕捉大意，让理解单位从“词汇”到“句子”再到“大意”；二是熟悉语速和语境，既真实英语的使用环境。切忌把泛听当精听。战胜“细节完美主义”的办法是重大意而非细节，重内容而非语言，重正在听的内容而非听过的内容。 “拳不离手，曲不离口”，泛听要形成“磨耳朵”的习惯，充分利用排队、等车等边角时间，泛听之后还要复述大意，检测听力效果。 帕累托原则（因19世纪末和20世纪初意大利经济学家及社会学家帕累托首先提出而得名）告诉我们，任何一组东西中，重要与次要的比例是20
8、%：80%，精听与泛听的比例也可遵循这一原则，设定为1：4。,.,9,Tip 1: If you dont understand something right away, dont give up. Keep listening. The speaker might say something later that will help you understand the main idea.Tip 2: Listen for key words. Key words are stressed. They are louder, longer, and higher pitched than
9、 other words. These are the words that the speaker thinks are most important in a sentence. For example, notice the stress and intonation in this dialogue: A: I went to the store. B: Which store?,.,10,Tip 3: Think about the situation and ask yourself these questions: Who is speaking? What is the rel
10、ationship between the speakers? What are they talking about? Where are they? How do they feel?Tip 4: Pay attention to body language, gestures, and facial expressions. This may give you a better idea about what someone is saying. Tip 5: Listen with a specific purpose in mind. Ask yourself what you ar
11、e listening for. Are you listening for general understanding of the whole lecture or conversation? Or are you listening for specific information?,.,11,Tip 6: Think about the speakers attitudes or feelings. Is the speaker certain, uncertain, angry, happy, serious, joking? The tone of voice can help y
12、ou understand someones feelings on a topic.Tip 7: Check your understanding by asking the speaker questions. For example, use expressions like Could you repeat that? and Im sorry, I didnt catch that when you want the speaker to repeat something.Tip 8: Write down new words and phrases you hear. Dont w
13、orry about spelling. Then look the new words up in a dictionary or ask a native speaker to explain what they mean.,.,12,Tip 9: Notice how spoken English is sometimes different from written English. Many words and expressions, such as phrasal verbs and idioms, are more common in spoken than written E
14、nglish.Tip 10: Dont worry about hearing every word. Often, English words are linked together or shortened so you cannot hear every word clearly. For example, speakers often use contractions (cant instead of cannot) and reductions (wanna instead of want to). Try to focus on the most important words a
15、nd you will understand the main idea.,.,13,Tip 11: Listen to how speakers voices go up and down. This is called intonation. What kinds of questions are they asking you? What kinds of responses do they expect from you? Listening to the rise and fall of their voices can help you understand more clearl
16、y.Tip 12: Listen for new thoughts. When speakers finish one thought and start a new one, their voices fall to a slightly lower pitch and they may pause between the two thoughts. Also, the words within one thought are often linked together and sound like one big long word.,.,14,Tip 11: Listen to how speakers voices go up and down. This is called intonation. What kinds of questions are they asking you? What kinds of responses do they expect from you? Listening to the rise and fall of their
