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1、高二选修7 Unit 2 Robots,Grammar,甘肃省积石山县积石中学；蒋卫亚,Revision of The passive Infinitive,复习不定式 Revise the Infinitive,1. 作主语,2. 作宾语,3. 作宾语补足语,4. 作定语,5. 作状语,6. 作表语,7. 作独立成分,8. 与疑问词等连用,动词的被动语态也有时态 一般现在时：am / is / are done 一般过去时：was / were done 现在进行时：am / is / are being done 过去进行时：was / were being done 现在完成时：have
2、 / has been done 过去完成时：had been done 一般将来时：shall / will be done; be going to be done 当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have tobe done,不定式被动式讲与练,不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态,不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。,动词不定式的被动式的使用： 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表 示的动作的承受者时，一般要用不定式 的被动式。不定式的被动式可以在句中 作主语、作宾语、作表语、作定语、
3、作状语。,1. Its an honour to be invited to the ceremony. 2. She didnt like to be treated as a child. 3. His dream was to be admitted to a good university. 4. There are a lot of things to be discussed. 5. She was sent there to be trained for the space flight.,作主语,作宾语,作表语,作定语,作状语,不定式的被动式在句中作什么成分,二、不定式的主动形
4、式表示被动,1在there be结构中。 例如：There is a lot of homework to do (也可用to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost).,2在“npron + be + adj + to do”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，等。,例如：He is hard to convince. He is an impossible person to work with,3.在“tooto do; enoughto”结构中。如： The problem i
5、s too difficult to work out (to be worked out) The house is big enough to live in.,4在“with+n+to do”结构中。 例如：With nothing to do，he lay in bedWith so many exercises to do，I cant go to the cinema,不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义 5. 不定式的逻辑主语和逻辑宾语都出现在不定式前面，只能用主动形式；若在句中找不到不定式的逻辑主语，则用不定的被动形式。如： Do you have anything to was
6、h today? (to wash的主语为句子的主语you，其逻辑宾语为anything) 你今天要洗什么吗？,Do you have anything to be washed? (to be washed不是you做，而是由“我”或其他人来做) 你有什么要其他人洗的吗？,6当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中 时。 例如：This is the best book to read (=for usyou to read)The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house,7一些作表语用的不定式的
7、主动形式。 常见的这类动词有let(出租)，blame等。 例如： The house is to let I felt l was to blame.,解读动词不定式,误：We dont allow to smoke in the lecture hall. 正：We dont allow smoking in the lecture hall. 正：We dont allow people to smoke in the lecture hall.,解析：在allow后跟动名词作宾语；当allow后有宾主时，则用不定式作补语，即allow sb to do sth。,2. 误：She wa
8、s the first person thinking of the idea. 正：She was the first person to think of the idea.,解析：当序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词带定语时，此定语通常由不定式来充当。,3. 误：We need some paper to write. 正：We need some paper to write on.,解析：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须跟相应的介词。但如果不定式所修饰的名词是time, place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如
9、： He had no money and no place to live (in). 他没有钱，也没有住的地方。,4. 误：The question being discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 正：The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.,解析：being discussed表示动作正在进行，而根据at tomorrows meeting可动作发生在将来，故用to be discussed表示。,5. 误
10、：This boy was seen come late this morning. 正：This boy was seen to come late this morning.,解析：感官动词和使役动词转换为被动结构时，其后的不定式需要带to。,I. 根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完整。 1. He wanted the letter _ (type) at once. 2. It is the first such project _ (design) by Chinese engineers.,练一练,to be typed,to be designed,3. They knew him
11、 _ (arrest) by the police. 4. Hell show you the right path _ (take). 5. He said he was _ (send) there to attend an important meeting next Friday.,to have been arrested,to take,to be sent,6. She didnt want her son _ (take) away. 7. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ (tell) everythin
12、g. 8. She is busy preparing for the exams _ (hold) next month. 9. He hurried to the station only _ (tell) that the train had left.,to be taken,to have been told,to be held,to be told,1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see
13、B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen,Exercise,B,2. I hurried to the meeting hall, only _ that the meeting had been put off. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told,B,3. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told,D,4.
14、 Little Tom should love _ to the theater this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking,A,5. It is said that plastics can be used to _ many things. Now people are used to _ plastics products. A. make; using B. making; using C. making; use D. make; use,A,6. With a lot of problems _,
15、 the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled,C,7. He _ and was made to repeat it. A. didnt understand B. didnt be understood C. wasnt understand D. wasnt understood,D,8. The pupils here _ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks. A. kept busy doing B. keep on doing C. have kept busy doing D. have been kept busy doing,D,9. Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested,D,10. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. s
