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1、Mechanical Injury,Wang Daihong Associate Chief Physician Medical Doctor,HUST Tongji hospital of xianning Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department of The eco-circumstances center hospital,First:conception,1.Injury: injury or wound caused by effect factors in the body,which lead to the destruction of
2、 the organizational structure and dysfunction. 2.Mechanical injury ：effect factors act on human body by machanical movement and lead to the destruction of the organizational structure and dysfunction.,Second: Mechanical damage of forensic medicine identification,1.Tasks and object of living damage f
3、orensic identification Task： Injury severity; Injury ways； To judge the injuring objects； To judge the injuring time； Injury degree； Labor capacity； Old injuring and new injuring； Compensation; Object：living body,2.Tasks and object of dead bodys damage forensic identification Tasks： To determine the
4、 cause of death； To determine its antemortem injury or postmortem injury； To judge the injuring objects； Injuring time； personal identification and so on; Object：dead body,Third:the three elements of damage formation：,1.injuring objects（murder weapon）: an object which caused mechanical damage. Featu
5、res： various injuring objects（solid；liquid；gas） The extent of the damage depends on the quality, shape and size of things, but in some cases there is an exception. The relative motion forms between hunamn body and injuring objects： Moving object and relative static body. Human movement and relativel
6、y stationary object. Moving object and moving human .,The common hard injuring objects include blunt, sharps and firearms. Blunt:tools with no tips and edge,such as fists and feet. Sharps:tools with tips and edge,such as cutting machine and sting. Firearms:bullet, explosives and other tools. 2.Actin
7、g force： Compression and Stretch:acting force apply on the same axis,in same direaction ,called compression, while in opposite direaction called stretch. Shear:to make the cross sections sliding together. torsion：a pair of equal force apply for a certain object. Bending: acting force apply for skull
8、 or ribs fot sag and recovery.,3.human tissue： Different tissues of human body parts and different tissues and organs of the anatomy of the organization structure,so the damage tolerance and resistance is different. Different appearances at different positions of the body shape also affects the shap
9、e of damage. Injured area organs or tissues for pathological changes impact on the degree of injury.,The principle of mechanical damage 1、Physical factors: external forces and injuring objects (size, direaction and number) 2、Biological factors: the body flexibility and the special structure of human
10、 body. 3、Human bodys enginery state (health, disease state) 4、The contact force position,Fourth:the basic form of mechanical injury （6 forms）,1.Abrasion:injuring objects apply to human body and lead to separation between skin and dermis,its also called epidermal peeling, which is a common blunt inju
11、ry. features： Parts: can occur in any part of the body, highlight areas are mostly. Scratch can exist alone and often accompanied with other injuries,such as bite marks, scratches, the conjugate mark,which can be associated with bruise or contusion. Different sizes, shapes and strips, sheets or stri
12、p, sometimes have free flap.these are the evident to judge the direction of the violent action. Color can be light brown, dark brown, light red or dark red.,Common type: according to the injury movement direction, speed and human contact,it can be divided into the following kinds: Scratches： Sharp a
13、nd hard objects, such as nails and pins skim over the skin and make skin defect, the general stress area is small, the force along the tangential direction streak the surface of the skin, make the skin displaced or folding along the direction of forces, such as the rape case, scratches often occur i
14、n victims tprivate parts,stock inside,hands and arms . Grazes： Object or rough ground rubs with skin surface and lead to the bruise of the skin. Generally the stress area is large and widely demaged. This often can be found in the body parts which is more prominent,and it is sheet or strip, but may
15、be accompanied by subcutaneous bleeding and scab skin formation., Friction： The object of Rough surface, such as rope or other braid, oppresses skin ,at the same time rubs the skin surface with a heavy vertical force and horizontal force.Such as: hanged or strangled ; teeth bites. Impression： Vulner
16、ant of Small area impacts skin surface with high speed from almost perpendicular direction, resulting Skin abrasions. Such abrasions always cause the injury of deep tissues. As is the case of car front strikes straight on the human body, also the bullet shot into the human body Identification：with the normal natural drying with the death of the table,The right facial friction,Forensic significance: Tip for external force Infer the vulnerant Infer the directio
