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1、一 寸 光 阴 不 可 轻新人教版七年级下册所有语法知识点全汇总一. 情态动词can用法can+动词原形,它不随主语人称和数而变化。 1. 含有can肯定句:主语+can+谓语动词原形+其他。 2. 含有can否定句:主语+cant+动词原形+其他。 3. 变一般疑问句时,把can提前:Can+主语+动词原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+can。否定回答:No,主语+cant. 4. 含有can特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他?I can speak English.I cant speak English.Can you speak English? What can
2、 you speak?二. what time和when引导特殊疑问句1. 询问钟点时用what time,询问日期、月份、年份时用when。 2. Whats the time?=What time is it?现在几点了? 3. 时刻表达法:顺读法和逆读法。顺读法:“钟点+分钟”直接读数字。如:7: 05 seven five;8:16 eight sixteen逆读法:借助介词past或to表示,要先说分再说钟点。 a. 当分钟不超过30分钟时(包括30分钟),即30,用to表示。其结构为:“所差分钟(即60所 过分钟数)+to+下一个整点”,to译成“差”,差几分钟到几点。 如:4:3
3、8 twenty-two to fivec. 当分钟为30分钟用half表示,当分钟为15分钟用a quarter。三. how引导特殊疑问句 1. how 引导特殊疑问句提问交通方式,其答语分三种情况:a. take a/an/the+交通工具(单数) b. by+交通工具(单数) c. on/in+限定词+交通工具 -How do you go to school every day?-I take a bus to go to school every day./I go to school by bus every day./I go to school on the bus ever
4、y day.2. how far 用来提问距离,多远,其答语分为两种: (1)用长度单位表示:It is five kilometers. (2)用时间表示:Its twenty minuteswalk. 3. how long 用来提问时间,意为多久回答常用“for+段时”。 -How long have you learnt English? -For 3 years. 4. how soon 用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间, 用于将来时态, 常用“in+时间段”来回答。 -How soon will you arrive in Beijing? -In 3 hours. 四. 祈使句祈使
5、句一般表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。一般以动词原形开头,句末可以用感叹号或句号。 1. 肯定祈使句: (1) 实义动词原形+其他 :Please look at that boy. (2) be动词原形+形容词+其他:Be quiet, please.2. 否定祈使句: (1) Dont+实义动词+原形 Dont stand there.(2) Dont be+形容词+其他 Dont be so noisy. (4) No+n./V-ing No photos. 不许照相。No talking. 不许谈话。五. 现在进行时现在进行时指当前时间正在发生动作。常与now,at this mo
6、ment,listen,look等词连用。1. 现在进行时基本结构肯定式:am/is/are+doing(现在分词)否定式:am/is/are not +doing(现在分词)一般疑问式:Am/Is/Are + 主语 +doing(现在分词)+ 其他特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式Theyre having a meeting now. 他们现在正在开会。They arent having a meeting now. 他们现在没有在开会。Are they having a meeting now? 他们现在正在开会吗?What are they doing now? 他们现在正在做什么?2
7、. 现在进行时基本用法(1)表示此时此刻正在发生事情。常与now,at the moment,look,listen等词连用。The little boy is watching TV now. 这个小男孩现在正在看电视。Listen!She is playing the guitar in the next room. 听!她正在隔壁房间弹吉他。(2)表示现阶段一直在进行着或是重复发生着动作,不强调此时此刻正在做。常与表示时间段时间状语连用。I am studying computer this term. 这个学期我一直在学习计算机。(3)表示说话人褒义或贬义情感色彩,如赞许、批评、喜欢、
8、厌恶等。此时常与alway、often等频度副词连用。He is always thinking of others , not of himself. 他总是为他人着想,而不为自己。(表示赞许)One of my roommates is often leaving things about. 我一个室友经常乱扔东西。(表示不满)(4)表示在近期按计划或安排要发生动作。(现在进行时表示一般将来含义。) 瞬时动词进行时在任何情况下都表示将来含义。这些动词包括go , come , leave,arrive , return等。I am leaving.我将要离开了。I am leaving t
9、omorrow. 我将会明天离开。 持续动词进行时,只有在有将来时间状语或将来语境情况下才可以表示将来含义。An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon. 今天下午一位美国教授将要作报告。(将来含义)An American professor is giving a lecture.一个美国教授正在作报告。(进行含义)3. 现在分词(doing)变化规则(1)一般在情况下,在动词词尾加-ing。gogoingplayplayingknowknowing(2)以不发音字母e结尾动词,先去e再加-ing。makemakingarr
10、ivearrivingcomecoming(3)以重读闭音节结尾,且动词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing。runrunning stopstoppingswimswimming runrunning putputting sitsitting beginbeginning planplanningcutcutting getgetting shopshopping chatchatting regretregrettingdigdigging (4)以-ie结尾,先将-ie改成y,再加-ing。tietyingdiedyinglielying六. There be结构1
11、. There be句型主要用以表达“某处有某人(某物),强调存在”其基本结构为“There be某物(某人)某地”,有时为了强调地点,也可把地点状语放在句首。There is a book on the desk. On the desk there is a book. (1)肯定句:“There be+主语(某人/某物)+介词短语”There are three people in my family. 我家有三口人。There is a pen and two books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。(2)否定式:“There be +not+主语+介词短语”T
12、here isnt a boy in the room.房间里没有一个男孩。There arent any books on the desk.书桌上没有书。注意:“There be句型”否定式构成和含有be动词其他句型一样,在be后加not或no即可。注意not和no不同:not是副词,no为形容词,所以not a/an/any+n,相当于no+n。There arent any pictures on the wall.=There are no pictures on the wall.There isnt a bike behind the tree.=There is no bike
13、 behind the tree.(3)疑问式:Be there+主语+介词短语?”肯定回答是:“Yes, there be.”否定回答是:“No, there+be与not缩写形式”。Is there a lamp in your bedroom?在你卧室里有台灯吗?Yes, there is.是,有。Are there any clock in the living room?客厅里有钟吗?No, there arent.不,没有。(4)特殊疑问句:一般有两种句型结构How many+复数名词+are/were there+介词短语?Therere many children in the
14、 park. How many children are there in the park?How much+不可数名词+is/was there+介词短语?There was little rain around the year. How much rain was there around the year?2. have表示“某人拥有某人或某物,强调拥有和所属关系”。 The man has two cars. 3. There be句型中就近原则,即be和距其最近主语保持一致。There are some pens and a book on the floor. =There is a book and some pears on the floor.七. 选择疑问句选择疑问句是指说话人提出两种或以上情况,让对方选择是哪一种,两个选择部分用or连接。选择疑问句不用yes或no来回答,直接在两个选择里选一个回答。 -Is she tall or short? -She is tall. -Can you play the piano or play the guitar? -I can play the piano八. 名词1. 名词单数变复数规则在英语里面,名词分可数名