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1、按动词是否作谓语可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词,1、谓语动词(如下),与主语在人称一致,与主语在人称一致,表示动作发生的时间,主语是动作的发生者或者承受者,说话人表达事实、要求、愿望等,He is a student.第三人称 I am reading now. 第一人称,He writes well. 第三人称单数,He wrote a letter to me last month. 过去时态,We study English.主动 The road was filled with rubbish. 被动,He has flown to America. 事实 I wish I could
2、fly to the moon some day. 愿望 Open the door to let the air in. 要求,2、非谓语动词,The cup is broken.,非谓语动词的逻辑主语： 谓语动词需要真正的主语指明动作的发出者，而非谓语动词是不用作谓语的动词,所以它没有真正的主语。但是，作为动词的一种形式,非谓语动词也应有自己理论上或逻辑上的主语,即动作涉及的对象. It is interesting for me to read this story. 请指出句子中非谓语动词的逻辑主语： I often hear him singing this song. I ofte
3、n hear this song sung. I saw her being taken to the operating room.,（2）分词的独立主格结构 A 若主语不一致，则应改用其他句型： 误：Crossing the road, a car knocked him down. 正：Crossing the road, he was knocked down by a car. 正：When he was crossing the road, a car knocked him down. B 主语不一致还可在分词前加一个名词或代词，使之成为 分词的逻辑主语，构成分词的独立主格结构.
4、,独立主格结构: 1“名词/代词+分词”，通常作状语。 Her son being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him. There being ice on the road, I told the driver to slow down. Work finished, he left home. The subject having been opened，he had to go on with it., With his homework finished, he went to see a film. Our school l
5、ooks more beautiful with all the flowers coming out. With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty in finding Mr Greens house. With much homework to do, he decides not to go to the party.,2 with/without的复合结构,（3）垂悬分词,也叫无依着分词： 分词的主语既不与句子主语一致，分词本身又非独立主格结构。 垂悬分词的表达及用途相对固定,有些垂悬分词词组已被当作固定词组来看待.,A说话者用
6、垂悬分词引出话题，如：talking of， getting back to，coming to等，意思为“谈到， 关于，回到”等。 Getting back to our story，the princess was killed Coming to this question，I say no,B.垂悬分词表明说话者的说话方式，如： frankly speaking，generally speaking， roughly speaking, briefly speaking Generally speaking，dogs are more faithful to men than cats
7、,C有些垂悬分词或词组表明说话的依据或视角，如：judging from，according to，considering, taking into consideration , concerning，regarding，given, owing to 等 Considering the low price，the car is worth buying Given these facts, why are artists are asked to,D有些垂悬分词或词组表示条件，如： providing（that）， provided（that）， supposing，意思为“if或 wit
8、h” 。例如： Provided that a film entertains，few people care about its other merits Supposing this to be true，he is certainly the murderer,不定式作独立成份（状语或插入语） to tell the truth to be honest/frank/exact to begin/start with to be brief (briefly speaking) to make matters/things worse to do him justice (说句对他公道的
9、话）,非谓语动词的复合结构,一不定式的复合结构 for/of sb to do sth 1 Its easy for us to remember a few new words. 2 I find it impossible for Tom to pass the exam . 3 The box is too heavy for me to take. 4 This is for you to decide. 5 There is no need for you to worry. 6 Its kind of you to help us.,非谓语动词的复合结构,二、-ing的复合结构(逻
10、辑主语是有生命的名词时) 1 作主语: Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Its no use your telling me not to worry. 2 作宾语: Mother insisted on my brothers going to college. (my brother going) Would you mind my opening the door? (me opening) 3 作表语: What is troubling us is their not having enough money .,V-ing的复合结构
11、 2 逻辑主语是无生命名词时，只用名词普通格。 Is there any hope of our team winning the match? 3. 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词时，只用普通格。 She was disturbed by somebody shouting outside.,不定 式表结果常与下列结构连用: A, so + adj/ adv + as(not) to do (如此以至于(没） ) Im not so stupid as to do that. B, such + ( adj ) n + as (not)to do (如此以至于(不) ) Im not such
12、 a fool as to believe that. C, enough + n + to do (足够 ) I dont have enough money to buy a car. D, adj/adv + enough + to do (足已到/能 ) The girl is old enough to go to school. E, too + adj / adv + to do (太 以至于不能) Im too tired to go any further.,省to不定式的固定句型 1, had better (not) do 2,would rather do .than
13、do 3, prefer to do .rather than do 4, cannot but do 不得不必然 5, cannot help but do .不得不 Eg:I could not help but realize that I was wrong 6,do nothing but do .nothing to do but/except do 只能 ，只有 Eg:I had nothing to do but wait there .,省to不定式的固定句型 7, why (not )do . 8, 当主语部分有do ，则表语可省to Eg: What I want to
14、do is (to) run a school =His wish is to run a school 9, 当两个或更多相同的不定式并列使用时，除第一个 不定式带to 外,其余的不加。 She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back . 注意平行结构： To try and fail is better than not to try at all . To see is to believe.,（非）谓语动词的做题步骤 1.判断该用谓动还是非谓动. 方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。 (回忆动词作谓语的形式）
15、2、如是谓语动词就考虑时态和语态 3、如是非谓语动词： 1）找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。 方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般跟句子的主语一致。 （不一致，考虑独立主格结构、垂悬分词） 2）判断主被动关系。 方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。 3）判断时间关系。 方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生 在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。 4）固定句型或短语确定非谓语动词的形式 注意非谓语动词的一般式及变化体,非谓语动词形式,非谓语动词用法比较详析,动词不定式的时态,I opened the door to enter the room.,. 一般式( to do ).,不定式的一般式所
16、表示的动作（状态）与谓语动词之后发生。,.进行式( to be doing),1. I pretended to be reading when mother came in.,如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。,动词不定式的时态,不定式的进行时态常用在appear, happen, pretend, seem等动词后。,动词不定式的时态, 完成式（to have done),如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。,Charles is generally considered to have invented the first computer. He seems to have bought the book.,不定式的完成式常用在appear,consider,believe,said, hope, seem等表示看法与想法的动词后。,动词不定式的被动式,The problems r
