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1、考点2 名词,1.主要考查的知识点： (1)名词的词义辨析 (2)可数名词单、复数变化形式 (3)不可数名词的数 (4)名词所有格(5)名词作定语 2.复习重点： (1)掌握名词的准确意义和近义词的区别。 (2)掌握可数名词变复数的规则变化和不规则变化。 (3)掌握不可数名词可用作可数名词且词义发生变化的用法。 (4)掌握名词“s”所有格和“of”属格的用法。 (5)掌握名词作定语的用法。,(1) He says that physics_ very interesting and he likes it very much.,以s结尾，仍为单数的名词多为学科名词， 如：physics, li
2、nguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news, the United States,is,(1) He told me that the furniture in that house_new.,is,规则2:,表示一类事物总称的名词，常作不可数名词看待而不能加“s”。如：machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence,规则1:,1. 名词的数,(1)They are _.A . Mathematics studentB.
3、mathematic studentsC. mathematics studentsD. students in mathematics(2) Food and _ are daily necessities(需要)for the people.A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D. clothing,C,D,【翻译下列句子】,有些名词的单、复数形式表达不同的意思。如：chicken鸡肉 / chickens小鸡； fish鱼(尾数)，鱼肉 / fishes 各种鱼； paper纸 / papers试卷； water水 / waters水域；room空间/rooms房
4、间；time 时间/times时代；arm手臂/ arms武器等,(1) She said it was interesting to play with the chickens on his uncles farm last weekend. (2) Lily said that the chicken her mother cooked was very delicious.,规则3:,He doesnt like _for supper.A. chick B. chicken C.chickens D. chicks,B,(1)Im told that they have _on th
5、eir farms.我被告知他们农场有许多牛。,有些名词形式上虽是单数，但表示的是复数含义。如：people, police, cattle,_staff,_public,_the adj., the 分词(表示一类人),many cattle,规则4:,My family raise a lot of _, including two _. cattle , cows B. cows , cattle C. cattles , cows D. cow , cattles,A,(1) My family _ going with me.(2) The average family _ a gr
6、eat deal smaller than it used to be.,对于集体名词，当它表示一个整体时，视作单数；当它侧重各个成员，视作复数,are,is,规则5：,(1) How many deer are there in Dafeng now? (2) We are all Chinese, but he is Japanese.,规则6:,有些名词单复数同形。如：fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, crossroads, series, works,【读例句归纳】,由连字符构成的复合名词的“数”，
7、一是合成名词的复数形式通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数。如：lookerson 参观者，sonsinlaw 女婿，editorsinchief主编，shoemakers 鞋匠。二是如果没有主体名词，在最后一个词上加复数(词尾)。如：gobetweens 中间人，grownups 成人，followups 续集，goodfornothings 饭桶。三是man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，定语和被修饰词都变成复数。如：men workers，women teachers，gentlemen officials,(1) Strangely, there were many look
8、erson there, but none was brave enough to stop the fight. (2) Now you are grownups, so you should help your parents support your family.,规则7:,(1) In the past, _(大多数妇女)have many children each.,不规则名词的“数”： 常用改变元音字母或词尾加en等方法构成， woman women, child children, ox oxen, tooth teeth, goose geese, foot feet, m
9、ouse mice, phenomenon phenomena, analysis analyses,most women,规则8：,(1) Its said that _(Brown一家 )are going to come to see us this weekend.,专有名词的“数”：在姓氏名词上加“s”变成复数，如：史密斯一家人(the Smiths)，两个玛丽 two_Marys,the Browns,规则9：,(1) Its necessary for a student to have a knowledge of English.,有些物质名词表示不同种类或表示“一种，一杯/
10、罐/瓶”等数量意义时，可用作可数名词。抽象名词表示具体或特定事物时，可具体化，其前面须有不定冠词。如：a pleasure / pity / surprise / success / failure / shame, an honor /a bright future / a strong character / a great help / a waste of time,规则10：,2. 名词所有格,英语中表示有生命名词的所有格时，在词尾加“s”，如：the boys bag，mens room。此外，表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等无生命名词的所有格也可在词尾加“s”来表示
11、所有关系，意为：“ 的”，如：a teachers book，a twenty minutes walk, ten miles journey，two pounds weight, ten dollars worth,(1) Its ten minutes drive from here to my school. (2) Childrens book should be simple with interesting pictures.,规则1：,(1)Have you ever read _?A. today newspaperB. newspaper todayC. newspaper
12、of todayD. todays newspaper(2) They are_ of different presses(). Now they are having a meeting in one of the _ office.A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefsB. editors-in-chief , editor-in-chiefsC. editors-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefsD. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chiefs,D,D,(1) Students uniforms sh
13、ould be clear and lovely.,of 属格：无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers,规则2：,若名词已有复数词尾s，只加“ ”，如：the workers struggle,(1) Beijing is the capital of China.,北京是中国的首都。,规则3：,The _were covered with_.A. roofs of the room, leavesB. rooms r
14、oofs, leavesC. roof of the room, leaveD. rooms roof, leave,A,【英译汉】,(1) Marys and Joans coats are different. (2) Mary and Jacks house is very large and beautiful.,两件,两人一个房子,规则4：,如果两个名词并列，若分别有加“s”，则表示“分别有”；若只有后一个名词加“s”，则表示两个“共有”。如：Johns and Marys rooms(两间)；John and Marys room(一间),The mother over there
15、 is _mother. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Marys C. Julias and Marys D. Julias and Mary,B,(1) Alice told me that she would go to the chemists, for her father didnt feel himself.,省略格：在表示店铺或教堂，诊所的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词，如：在诊所at the doctors；在我姐家at my sisters,规则5：,他说他是从他的哥哥的一个朋友那学会的。,双重格：of 名词“s”结构， 如
16、 a friend of my fathers, works of Lu Xuns,He said that he learnt it from a friend of his brothers.,规则6：,3. 名词作定语,(1) Theres a _(stone) bridge over the river. (2) Her daughter works in a _(shoe) shop. (3) There are three _(woman) _(doctor) in that clinic. (4) We hold a _(sport) meeting each term.,用括号中所给词的适当形式填空,stone,shoe,women,doctors,sports,名词可以用作定语修饰后面的名词，表示类别、处
