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1、高三英语精品资源江苏省黄桥中学高考英语语法复习之定语从句精讲精练I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person w
2、ith whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate. that人，物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语，宾语The book (which) I
3、gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地点地点状语This is the house where I was b
4、orn.可用in whichwhy原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for whichII. that与which, who, whom的用法区别：情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。2 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时3 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4 先行词既指人又指物时5 先行词被the o
5、nly, the very修饰时6 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时1.He told me everything that he knows.2.All the books that you offered has been given out.3.This is the best film that I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.He is the only man that I want to see.6.Who is the man that i
6、s making a speech?只用which, who, whom的情况1 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usual
7、ly respected by others.III. as与which的区别：定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand. 非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expect
8、ed.They won the game, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。The accident happened at the time when I left.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不
9、能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.定语从句专项练习一（A）把下列各组句子合并成一句。1. The letter is from my uncle. I received it yesterday.2. The teacher saw what happened. He was standing nearby.3. The girl is not here now. She told me the news.4. This is the tree. He was climbing
10、 it yesterday.5. Do not drink water. It has not been boiled.6. The student is in the room. His name is Tom.7. The house is our library. Its door is painted red.8. I always remember the days. We spent them together. (B) 单项选择 定语从句的用法1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. thatB. whoC. whom
11、D. this2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whomB. whichC. whoD. /3. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary. A. thatB. whoseC. whichD. as4. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the oneB. whichC. whoD. whom5. Is this factory _ a lot of students visited ye
12、sterday? A. the oneB. that C. whichD. /6. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. whichB. thatC. /D. it7. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. all8. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. WhoC. T
13、he one whoD. The students who9. Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday. A. whichB. whomC. whoseD. this10. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year. A. whoB. whomC. whichD. /11. This is the only article of these that _ written by him. A. wasB. wereC. isD. are12. The man _
14、 was here just now is a doctor. A. whomB. whoC. /D. he13. The boy _ has two lovely dogs. A. who live next doorB. which lives next door C. whom lives next doorD. that lives next door14. Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands. A. whichB. whomC. thatD. who15. Dont go in, this is the shop _ we have just been _. A. /, toB. that, /C. where, toD. which, there16. He is the most careful boy _ I know. A. whatB. whichC. asD. ./(1-5ACABA 6-10 BCCAD 11-16 ABDDAD)二(A) 在下列定语从句中，用适当的介词填空。1. The pencil _ whi
