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1、1,九、限定词 (Determiners),Words that precede any pre-modifying adjectives in a noun phrase and which denote such referential meanings(所指意义) as specific reference(特指), genetic reference(类指), definite quantity(确定数量) or indefinite quantity are referred to as determiners.,2,1、Classification of determiners D
2、eterminers, as a class of words, includes: Definite Article, Indefinite Article, Zero Article. Possessive Determiner(物主限定词): my, your, his, her, our, their, ones, its Genitive Noun(名词属格): Johns, my friends Demonstrative Determiner (指示限定词): this, that, these, those, such Relative Determiner(关系限定词): w
3、hose, which Interrogative Determiner(疑问限定词): what, which, whose,3,Indefinite Determiner(不定限定词): no, some, any, each, every, enough, either, neither, all, both, half, several, many, much, a few, a little, other, another Cardinal Numeral & Ordinal Numeral(基数词和序数词) Multiplicative Numeral & Fractional N
4、umeral (倍数词和分数词) Quantifier (量词): a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great deal of, a large quantity of, etc. As for the Articles, weve discussed in lecture8, and for Numeral , well discuss it,4,in the following lecture in details. Here were going to concentrate on the other kinds of determiners. 2、 A
5、comparative study of some determiners a(n) & one 这两个词都指“一个”，但有所不同，a(n)是指任何一个，着重类别；one指不是一个或两个，着重数量： Is the man over there an Englishman？ The drum will collapse at a/one blow. Im just one player on the team. both & all 两个词均可译作“都”，但是指两个人或物时只能用both， 三个及其以上的人或事物时要用 all：,6,Whole 后面不能接复数可数名词, 代词或专有名词： We
6、cant say：whole inhabitants （全体居民）or whole China，or whole it. But we can say：all the inhabitants, the whole of China(指领土), or all China(指各地区或全国同胞), the whole of it. what & which What 为泛指限定词, which为特指限定词, 在用于指“什么”时, 一般来说, what 用来指不定数目中的“什么”，which则指一定数目中的“什么”： 1、_car do you like best among the ones mad
7、e in China? a. What b. Which c. Whose d. Whats 2、What kind of sports do you like?,7,但实际上, what 也用来指确定数目的“什么”, 比如一年有四季, 十二个月, 一星期有七天, 等等: What season do you like best? What day of the week is today? Which 则常用于事先计算的场合: Which day of the week does May Day fall on this year ? some & any 两个词都有“一些, 若干,几分,
8、一点儿”之意, some常用于肯定句, any 用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。但是，some也可用于疑问句表示劝请，命令或预期的肯定的回答等， 而any 在作“任何”解时，可用在肯定句中的单复数名词前： Will you have some tea? Or youll be thirsty very soon. You may take any pictures you like.,8,other & another 两个词都可以修饰单数可数名词。Another是指三个以上不定数量中的另一个，而other 前面要加定冠词the，the other指两者中的另一个。Other（其它，另外）后面一般
9、跟复数名词： We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so lets have another one this month. I see there are some clean cups on the table. Can you get me another one since this is dirty? He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other one. There are other ways of doing this exercise. Note: 在oth
10、er 前还可用any, every, no, some等词修饰，后面所修饰名词可用单数。如：some other time , on other book, any other pen,9,No one & none No one 表示“一个也没有”只能指人，它只代表单数可数名词，接单数动词，很少和of 短语连用，none可以指人也可指物，既可代表可数名词，也可代表不可数名词。当none代表单数时，用单数动词；代表复数时，用复数动词。None后面常跟of 短语。 For example： None of the girls came on the trip. It is surprising
11、that no one in my class has heard about the accident. None of us is wholly blameless. many , much, a lot of, lots of & plenty of 表示“多”的意思，可用many, much, a lot of, lots of , plenty of, a good /great many, a large amount of 等。作为限定词, many和 a good /great many之后须跟,10,复数名词，much 和a large amount of之后须跟不可数名词：
12、 Many animals have diseases. A rocket has many parts. Many information is now transmitted through E-mail. We have a great many questions to discuss at the meeting. We are going to spend a large amount of money on childrens education. Note: many, much, a great many 等既可用作限定词, 也可用作不定代词： Have you done a
13、ll these exercises？ No， I havent done very much.,11,Has she read any English novels in the original? -Yes, a great many. a few & a little 表示“少”的意思，可用(a) few, (a)little, 既可用作限定词, 又可用作不定代词。A few， a little表示“少量”，带有肯定含意： Lets invite a few friends to come with us. Here are a few more books on this subjec
14、t. I had a little difficulty in solving the problem. few / little 若不与a 连用表示否定意义, 相当于not many / much, not enough： I have very few chocolates left. I understand little of his speech. Note: quite a few, a good few , not a few 不表示“少”,12,而表示“相当多”的含义, 相当于a fair number(of)： Quite a few of us are getting wo
15、rried. Youll have to wait a good few weeks. Each & every each 强调个体性, 表示“各自不同”；every强调整体的一致性，表示“大家一致”；each用来指两个或两个以上的人或事物，every着重表明三个或三个以上的人或事物；each 可以单独作代词，而every则不可以，只能作定语： I know every member of the family. I know each member of the family. Each of us has to do his way best. Every one of us did a
16、good job in the cleaning. Each of my parents has a bike.,13,either & neither 作为泛指限定词或代词, 后面一般用单数动词。either用于肯定，意思是两者之中的一个，或两者之间的任何一个，neither 用于否定，指两者之中哪一个也不： Both of the roads lead to the railway station. You may go by either road. Neither statement is true, is it? 其他 某些限定词修饰单数名词和某些副词修饰形容词+名词时的词序: 不定冠语一般放在它所限定的词之前, 如， what a silly mistake he has ever made on his road to the stage！ 但在下列两种情况下, 不定冠词应后置： such，quite， what 可以修饰单数可数名词和不可,14,数名词。当它们修饰单数可数名
