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1、非谓语动词 语法讲解,Non-finite,非谓语动词的类型:,Infinitive 不定式,Gerund 动名词,Participle 分词,Non-finite,Structure :,to be done,Infinitive:,to do,Negative (否定):,not to do,Passive voice:,(1). 主语 Subject,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语.,To get enough sleep at night is important.,It_.,It is adj. (for sb) to do sth.,It is + a ple
2、asure/an honor/a pity to do.,It takes sb +time to do.,Non-finite,is important to get enough sleep at night,(2). 表语 Predicative,My job,is,Your task _(努力学习).,is to study hard,Non-finite,To see is to believe.,to teach you English.,These days everyone wants to get rich fast.,(3) 宾语 Object,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有
3、:,fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.,+ to do,Non-finite,like to do,manage to do,The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.,(4). 宾补 Complement,五看,watch,see,look at,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,listen to,hear,一感觉:,feel,当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:,allow, cause, ask,
4、advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等.,Non-finite,医生建议他去南方.,The doctor advised him to go to the south.,+ sb to do,I made him do his work.,He _by me.,See sb do sth,-,sb be seen to do,He was seen _ from the tree and get hurt. fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen,改错: He was
5、heard talk to his mother for an hour.,to talk,was made to do his work,(5). 定语 Attributive,(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则不定式中要有介词.),He is looking for_.（一间可以住的房子）,There is nothing_.,*我想要几本书在旅途中看。,Id like_.,a few books to read during the journey,-What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _. A. school to
6、 study in B. school for children to study C. studying school D. school to study,to worry about,The topics to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.,（没有什么可担心的）,a room to live in,I came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train.,(6) 状语 Adverbial,in order to ,
7、 so as to ,1.表目的,2.表原因,We were very excited to hear the news.,3.表结果,This room is big enough to hold us.,enoughto, tooto, only to, etc.,He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.,Non-finite,1. 作主语,2. 作表语,3. 作宾语,4. 作宾语补足语,5. 作定语,6. 作状语,在句中承担的成分:,Tense and Voice （时态与语态）,to be doing,to have done,
8、to have been done,-,to have been doing,-,(1).They pretended not to see us.,(2). He pretended to be sleeping.,(3).She pretended to have known it before.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后.),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),who, which, when, how, what,whom,whether 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,我不知道是否要接受邀请。
9、,I dont know whether to accept the invitation or not.,(宾语),How to solve the problem is very important.,(主语),如何解决这个问题很重要。,我的问题是什么时候开始。,My question is when to start.,(表语),Non-finite,不定式与疑问词连用:,关于省略,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词.,e.g.: Would you like to go with me ?,(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.,e.g.: Would
10、 you like to be a teacher?,A. Id like to B.Id like to go,Yes, _.,Non-finite,A.Id like to be. B. Id like to.,Yes,_.,(eat, give up, finish, explain, tell) 1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.,to give up,explaining/to be explained,to be finished,not to eat,3.We find it impossibl
11、e for the work _ ahead of time.,4.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.,2.The sentence wants_ once more.,5.I meant _ you about it, but I forgot to do so.,to have told,1. -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go
12、D. try going,2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding,4. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned,3. While shopping, people sometime cant he
13、lp _ into buying something they dont really need. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded,5. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 6. The purpose of new technologies is to make li
14、fe easier, _ it more difficult. not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make,7. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see 8. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened
15、while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. why,9. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning,10.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off,11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone,12. Ive worked with children before, so I know
